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Volume 13
Issue 11
10.3390/en13112680
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Article

Evaluating the In-Service Emissions of High-Mileage Dedicated Methanol-Fueled Passenger Cars: Regulated and Unregulated Emissions

by
Sheng Su
1,2,
Yunshan Ge
1,
Xin Wang
1,*,
Mengzhu Zhang
1,
Lijun Hao
1,
Jianwei Tan
1,
Fulu Shi
3,
Dongdong Guo
1,3 and
Zhengjun Yang
1
1
National Laboratory of Automotive Performance & Emission Test, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2
Xiamen Environment Protection Vehicle Emission Control Technology Center, Xiamen 361023, China
3
Beijing Vehicle Emissions Management Center, Beijing 100176, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2020, 13(11), 2680; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112680
Submission received: 20 April 2020 / Revised: 20 May 2020 / Accepted: 21 May 2020 / Published: 26 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Section E: Electric Vehicles)
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Abstract

This paper reports the regulated, unregulated, and particle number emissions from six high-mileage, China-4 compliant, dedicated methanol taxis over the new European driving cycle. Compared to new vehicles, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides emissions from in-use methanol taxis increased by 76.1%, 40.2%, and 179.8%, respectively. Still, they managed to meet China-4, indicating good in-service conformity. In the test fleet, the test vehicles with longer mileage inclined to emit higher carbon monoxide and total hydrocarbons emissions. Formaldehyde emissions from these field-aged taxis ranged from 1.06 to 2.33 mg/km, which were similar to or lower than those from previously reported pre-Euro-5 gasoline vehicles. One of the six test vehicles produced extraordinarily high unburned methanol emissions, which was about ten times higher than the rest of the properly operating vehicles due to possible misfire, suggesting that unburned methanol will be the primary stress for future methanol applications. Compared to the regulated emissions, formaldehyde and unburned methanol emissions deteriorated at faster rates along with catalyst aging. Particle number emissions from these methanol taxis remained low even after high-mileage driving, suggesting the compatibility of methanol fueling in future particle number compliance.
Keywords: methanol; regulated emissions; formaldehyde; unburned methanol; particle number methanol; regulated emissions; formaldehyde; unburned methanol; particle number

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MDPI and ACS Style

Su, S.; Ge, Y.; Wang, X.; Zhang, M.; Hao, L.; Tan, J.; Shi, F.; Guo, D.; Yang, Z. Evaluating the In-Service Emissions of High-Mileage Dedicated Methanol-Fueled Passenger Cars: Regulated and Unregulated Emissions. Energies 2020, 13, 2680. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112680

AMA Style

Su S, Ge Y, Wang X, Zhang M, Hao L, Tan J, Shi F, Guo D, Yang Z. Evaluating the In-Service Emissions of High-Mileage Dedicated Methanol-Fueled Passenger Cars: Regulated and Unregulated Emissions. Energies. 2020; 13(11):2680. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112680

Chicago/Turabian Style

Su, Sheng, Yunshan Ge, Xin Wang, Mengzhu Zhang, Lijun Hao, Jianwei Tan, Fulu Shi, Dongdong Guo, and Zhengjun Yang. 2020. "Evaluating the In-Service Emissions of High-Mileage Dedicated Methanol-Fueled Passenger Cars: Regulated and Unregulated Emissions" Energies 13, no. 11: 2680. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112680

APA Style

Su, S., Ge, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, M., Hao, L., Tan, J., Shi, F., Guo, D., & Yang, Z. (2020). Evaluating the In-Service Emissions of High-Mileage Dedicated Methanol-Fueled Passenger Cars: Regulated and Unregulated Emissions. Energies, 13(11), 2680. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112680

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