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Nanomaterials
Volume 12
Issue 21
10.3390/nano12213917
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Article

Design and Development of Magnetic Iron Core Gold Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescent Multiplex Assay to Detect Salmonella

by
Xinyi Zhao
1,2,
Gwendoline Smith
1,
Bilal Javed
1,2,
Garret Dee
3,
Yurii K. Gun’ko
3,
James Curtin
4,
Hugh J. Byrne
2,
Christine O’Connor
1 and
Furong Tian
1,*
1
School of Food Science & Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland
2
FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Camden Row, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
3
AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
4
Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Technological University Dublin, Bolton Street, D01 K822 Dublin, Ireland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(21), 3917; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12213917
Submission received: 10 October 2022 / Revised: 31 October 2022 / Accepted: 5 November 2022 / Published: 7 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Materials and Their Composites for Biosensing Applications)
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Abstract

Salmonella is a bacterial pathogen which is one of the leading causes of severe illnesses in humans. The current study involved the design and development of two methods, respectively using iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) and iron core gold nanoparticle (ICGNP), conjugated with the Salmonella antibody and the fluorophore, 4-Methylumbelliferyl Caprylate (4-MUCAP), used as an indicator, for its selective and sensitive detection in contaminated food products. Twenty double-blind beverage samples, spiked with Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, were prepared in sterile Eppendorf® tubes at room temperature. The gold layer and spikes of ICGNPs increased the surface areas. The ratio of the surface area is 0.76 (IONPs/ICGNPs). The comparative sensitivity and specificity of the IONP-based and the ICGNP-based methods to detect Salmonella were determined. The ICGNP method shows the limit of detection is 32 Salmonella per mL. The ICGNPs had an 83.3% sensitivity and a 92.9% specificity value for the presence and detection of Salmonella. The IONP method resulted in a limit of detection of 150 Salmonella per mL, and a 66.7% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity for the presence and detection of Salmonella. The higher surface area of ICGNPs increases the efficiency of detection. The monitoring of Salmonella can thus be achieved by a rapid magnetic fluorescent assay using a smartphone for image capture and analyze, providing quantitative results. The findings from the present study would help to detect Salmonella rapidly in water. It can improve the microbial quality of water and food safety due to the presence of Salmonella in the water environment.
Keywords: bacterial incubation; protein conjugation; iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP); iron core gold nanoparticle (ICGNP); Salmonella; food contaminants bacterial incubation; protein conjugation; iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP); iron core gold nanoparticle (ICGNP); Salmonella; food contaminants

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhao, X.; Smith, G.; Javed, B.; Dee, G.; Gun’ko, Y.K.; Curtin, J.; Byrne, H.J.; O’Connor, C.; Tian, F. Design and Development of Magnetic Iron Core Gold Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescent Multiplex Assay to Detect Salmonella. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 3917. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12213917

AMA Style

Zhao X, Smith G, Javed B, Dee G, Gun’ko YK, Curtin J, Byrne HJ, O’Connor C, Tian F. Design and Development of Magnetic Iron Core Gold Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescent Multiplex Assay to Detect Salmonella. Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(21):3917. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12213917

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhao, Xinyi, Gwendoline Smith, Bilal Javed, Garret Dee, Yurii K. Gun’ko, James Curtin, Hugh J. Byrne, Christine O’Connor, and Furong Tian. 2022. "Design and Development of Magnetic Iron Core Gold Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescent Multiplex Assay to Detect Salmonella" Nanomaterials 12, no. 21: 3917. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12213917

APA Style

Zhao, X., Smith, G., Javed, B., Dee, G., Gun’ko, Y. K., Curtin, J., Byrne, H. J., O’Connor, C., & Tian, F. (2022). Design and Development of Magnetic Iron Core Gold Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescent Multiplex Assay to Detect Salmonella. Nanomaterials, 12(21), 3917. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12213917

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