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Volume 22
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Article

Relationship Between Brazilian Dietary Patterns and the Global Syndemic: Data from the CUME Study

by
Jéssica Bevenuto Mattar
1,*,
Marcos Heil Costa
2,
Ana Luiza Gomes Domingos
3,
Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff
1,
Adriano Marçal Pimenta
4 and
Josefina Bressan
1
1
Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
2
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
3
School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, 1000 Arlindo Bettio Avenue, São Paulo 03828-000, SP, Brazil
4
Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 80035-050, PR, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 805; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050805
Submission received: 21 March 2025 / Revised: 11 May 2025 / Accepted: 13 May 2025 / Published: 21 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Food Consumption in the Global Syndemic)
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Abstract

Global food systems are contributing to a shift toward unhealthy diets, which is linked to the three components of the global syndemic. This cross-sectional study evaluates how dietary patterns in Brazil are associated with the components of the global syndemic. Anthropometric and food intake data were obtained from the CUME Study—a prospective cohort conducted with a sample of Brazilian university graduates. BMI was used to assess obesity. Insufficient intake of micronutrients was considered undernutrition. Carbon, water, and ecological footprints were used to assess the environmental impact of dietary patterns. Dietary patterns were identified through principal components analysis. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between dietary patterns and the components of the global syndemic. The Unhealthy Dietary Pattern was positively associated with BMI and had the highest environmental impact. The Brazilian Dietary Pattern was also positively associated with BMI but had the lowest environmental impact. The Healthy Dietary Pattern was the most protective against micronutrient inadequacy. Diet affected the environment and people’s health in this sample. The dietary patterns identified here as contributing to poor health and environmental damage can help the government develop policies that incorporate the costs of these effects into the prices of food.
Keywords: obesity; undernutrition; carbon footprint; water footprint; ecological footprint; sustainable diet obesity; undernutrition; carbon footprint; water footprint; ecological footprint; sustainable diet

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bevenuto Mattar, J.; Heil Costa, M.; Gomes Domingos, A.L.; Miranda Hermsdorff, H.H.; Marçal Pimenta, A.; Bressan, J. Relationship Between Brazilian Dietary Patterns and the Global Syndemic: Data from the CUME Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050805

AMA Style

Bevenuto Mattar J, Heil Costa M, Gomes Domingos AL, Miranda Hermsdorff HH, Marçal Pimenta A, Bressan J. Relationship Between Brazilian Dietary Patterns and the Global Syndemic: Data from the CUME Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2025; 22(5):805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050805

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bevenuto Mattar, Jéssica, Marcos Heil Costa, Ana Luiza Gomes Domingos, Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff, Adriano Marçal Pimenta, and Josefina Bressan. 2025. "Relationship Between Brazilian Dietary Patterns and the Global Syndemic: Data from the CUME Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 5: 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050805

APA Style

Bevenuto Mattar, J., Heil Costa, M., Gomes Domingos, A. L., Miranda Hermsdorff, H. H., Marçal Pimenta, A., & Bressan, J. (2025). Relationship Between Brazilian Dietary Patterns and the Global Syndemic: Data from the CUME Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(5), 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050805

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