Virtual Therapy Complementary Prehabilitation of Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer—A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Mattiuzzi, C.; Lippi, G. Current cancer epidemiology. J. Epidemiol. Glob. Health 2019, 9, 217–222. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Block, K.I.; Gyllenhaal, C.; Lowe, L.; Amedei, A.; Amin, A.R.; Aquilano, K.; Arbiser, J.; Arreola, A.; Arzumanyan, A.; Ashraf, S.S.; et al. Designing a broad-spectrum integrative approach for cancer prevention and treatment. Semin. Cancer Biol. 2015, 35, S276–S304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Poort, H.; Jacobs, J.M.; Pirl, W.F.; Temel, J.S.; Greer, J.A. Fatigue in patients on oral targeted or chemotherapy for cancer and associations with anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Palliat. Support. Care 2020, 18, 141–147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Poort, H.; van der Graaf, W.T.; Tielen, R.; Vlenterie, M.; Custers, J.A.; Prins, J.B.; Verhagen, C.A.; Gielissen, M.F.; Knoop, H. Prevalence, Impact, and Correlates of Severe Fatigue in Patients With Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. J. Pain Symptom Manag. 2016, 52, 265–271. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Butt, Z.; Rosenbloom, S.K.; Abernethy, A.P.; Beaumont, J.L.; Paul, D.; Hampton, D.; Jacobsen, P.B.; Syrjala, K.L.; Von Roenn, J.H.; Cella, D. Fatigue is the most important symptom for advanced cancer patients who have had chemotherapy. J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw. 2008, 6, 448–455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- O’Regan, P.; McCarthy, G.; O’Reilly, S.; Power, D.; Bird, B.H.; Murphy, C.G.; Hegarty, J. Cancer-related fatigue and self-care agency: A multicentre survey of patients receiving chemotherapy. J. Clin. Nurs. 2019, 28, 4424–4433. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hofman, M.; Ryan, J.L.; Figueroa-Moseley, C.D.; Jean-Pierre, P.; Morrow, G.R. Cancer-related fatigue: The scale of the problem. Oncologist 2007, 12, 4–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Batalik, L.; Winnige, P.; Dosbaba, F.; Vlazna, D.; Janikova, A. Home-Based Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Interventions in Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Systematic Review. Cancers 2021, 13, 1915. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, F.; Laza-Cagigas, R.; Pagarkar, A.; Olaoke, A.; El Gammal, M.; Rampal, T. The Feasibility of Prehabilitation as Part of the Breast Cancer Treatment Pathway. PM&R 2021, 13, 1237–1246. [Google Scholar]
- Chirico, A.; Maiorano, P.; Indovina, P.; Milanese, C.; Giordano, G.G.; Alivernini, F.; Iodice, G.; Gallo, L.; De Pietro, G.; Lucidi, F.; et al. Virtual reality and music therapy as distraction interventions to alleviate anxiety and improve mood states in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 2020, 235, 5353–5362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kareliotis, G.; Tremi, I.; Kaitatzi, M.; Drakaki, E.; Serafetinides, A.A.; Makropoulou, M.; Georgakilas, A.G. Combined radiation strategies for novel and enhanced cancer treatment. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 2020, 96, 1087–1103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- van Vulpen, J.K.; Peeters, P.H.; Velthuis, M.J.; van der Wall, E.; May, A.M. Effects of physical exercise during adjuvant breast cancer treatment on physical and psychosocial dimensions of cancer-related fatigue: A meta-analysis. Maturitas 2016, 85, 104–111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kirk, D.; Kabdebo, I.; Whitehead, L. Prevalence of distress, its associated factors and referral to support services in people with cancer. J. Clin. Nurs. 2021, 30, 2873–2885. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- van Waart, H.; van Dongen, J.M.; van Harten, W.H.; Stuiver, M.M.; Huijsmans, R.; Vreeswijk, J.A.J.H.H.-v.; Sonke, G.S.; Aaronson, N.K. Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness of physical exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy. Eur. J. Health Econ. 2018, 19, 893–904. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brahmbhatt, P.; Sabiston, C.M.; Lopez, C.; Chang, E.; Goodman, J.; Jones, J.; McCready, D.; Randall, I.; Rotstein, S.; Mina, D.S. Feasibility of Prehabilitation Prior to Breast Cancer Surgery: A Mixed-Methods Study. Front. Oncol. 2020, 10, 571091. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Toohey, K.; Hunter, M.; McKinnon, K.; Casey, T.; Turner, M.; Taylor, S.; Paterson, C. A systematic review of multimodal prehabilitation in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2022. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jóźwik, S.; Cieślik, B.; Gajda, R.; Szczepańska-Gieracha, J. Evaluation of the Impact of Virtual Reality-Enhanced Cardiac Rehabilitation on Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Beck, A.T.; Ward, C.H.; Mendelson, M.; Mock, J.; Erbaugh, J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1961, 4, 561–571. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Watson, M.; Greer, S.; Young, J.; Inayat, Q.; Burgess, C.; Robertson, B. Development of a questionnaire measure of adjustment to cancer: The MAC scale. Psychol. Med. 1988, 18, 203–209. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hallal, P.C.; Victora, C.G. Reliability and validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2004, 36, 556. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mollayeva, T.; Thurairajah, P.; Burton, K.; Mollayeva, S.; Shapiro, C.M.; Colantonio, A. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index as a screening tool for sleep dysfunction in clinical and non-clinical samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med. Rev. 2016, 25, 52–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rutkowski, S.; Czech, O.; Wrzeciono, A.; Kiper, P.; Szczepańska-Gieracha, J.; Malicka, I. Virtual reality as a chemotherapy support in treatment of anxiety and fatigue in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis and future research directions. Complement. Ther. Med. 2021, 61, 102767. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rutkowski, S.; Szczegielniak, J.; Szczepańska-Gieracha, J. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Immersive Virtual Reality Therapy as a Method Supporting Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 352. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Szczepańska-Gieracha, J.; Cieślik, B.; Serweta, A.; Klajs, K. Virtual Therapeutic Garden: A Promising Method Supporting the Treatment of Depressive Symptoms in Late-Life: A Randomized Pilot Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 1942. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jóźwik, S.; Cieślik, B.; Gajda, R.; Szczepańska-Gieracha, J. The Use of Virtual Therapy in Cardiac Rehabilitation of Female Patients with Heart Disease. Medicina 2021, 57, 768. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Riva, G.; Bernardelli, L.; Castelnuovo, G.; Clementi, A.; Lernia, D.D.; Pedroli, E.; Malighetti, C.; Sforza, F.; Wiederhold, B.K.; Serino, S. A Free Weekly Self-Administered at-Home Virtual Reality Based Protocol for Overcoming the Psychological Burden of Coronavirus: A Pragmatic Waitlist-Controlled Trial Conducted During COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy with 2-Week Follow-Up. arXiv 2021. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Horesh, D.; Kohavi, S.; Shilony-Nalaboff, L.; Rudich, N.; Greenman, D.; Feuerstein, J.S.; Abbasi, M.R. Virtual Reality Combined with Artificial Intelligence (VR-AI) Reduces Hot Flashes and Improves Psychological Well-Being in Women with Breast and Ovarian Cancer: A Pilot Study. Healthcare 2022, 10, 2261. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chang, L.-C.; Wang, C.-Y.; Yu, P. Virtual reality improves sleep quality amongst older adults with disabilities. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 2014, 29, 1312–1313. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Evans, E.; Naugle, K.E.; Kaleth, A.S.; Arnold, B.; Naugle, K.M. Physical Activity Intensity, Perceived Exertion, and Enjoyment During Head-Mounted Display Virtual Reality Games. Games Health J. 2021, 10, 314–320. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Qian, J.; McDonough, D.J.; Gao, Z. The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exercise on Individual’s Physiological, Psychological and Rehabilitative Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4133. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baños, R.M.; Espinoza, M.; García-Palacios, A.; Cervera, J.M.; Esquerdo, G.; Barrajón, E.; Botella, C. A positive psychological intervention using virtual reality for patients with advanced cancer in a hospital setting: A pilot study to assess feasibility. Support. Care Cancer 2013, 21, 263–270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Variable | Experimental | Control | p-Value * |
---|---|---|---|
n | 9 | 7 | - |
Age, [years]; mean (SD) | 50.59 (12.64) | 59.55 (7.85) | 0.12 |
BMI, [kg/m2]; mean (SD) | 26.61 (5.77) | 23.83 (2.41) | 0.26 |
Education, n (%) | 0.09 | ||
Primary/Vocational | 3 (33) | 3 (43) | |
Secondary | 0 (0) | 3 (43) | |
Incomplete Higher Education | 1 (11) | 0 (0) | |
Higher Education | 5 (56) | 1 (14) | |
Marital status, n (%) | 0.49 | ||
Single | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Married | 7 (78) | 5 (71) | |
Cohabiting | 1 (11) | 0 (0) | |
Widowed | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Divorced | 1 (11) | 2 (29) | |
Material status, n (%) | 0.39 | ||
Bad | 0 (0) | 1 (14) | |
Average | 3 (33) | 2 (29) | |
Good | 4 (45) | 4 (57) | |
Very Good | 2 (22) | 0 (0) |
Outcome | Experimental | Control | p-Value (Between Groups) |
---|---|---|---|
Mini Mental Adjustment to Cancer | |||
Destructive style | |||
Before | 32.44 (6.75), (27.84: 37.42) | 26.14 (5.98), (20.92: 31.35) | 0.20 |
After | 28.33 (8.31), (23.38: 33.27) | 26.00 (4.44), (20.39: 31.60) | |
p-value | 0.003 | 0.917 | |
p-value Between multiple experiments | 0.033 | ||
Constructive style | |||
Before | 43.33 (4.39), (40.37: 46.28) | 44.29 (3.77), (40.93: 47.63) | 0.886 |
After | 45.33 (5.55), (41.93: 48.72) | 45.00 (3.42), (41.14: 48.85) | |
p-value | 0.044 | 0.489 | |
p-value Between multiple experiments | 0.067 | ||
Beck Depression Inventory | |||
Before | 13.33 (5.57), (8.86: 17.80) | 9.00 (7.07), (3.92: 14.07) | 0.31 |
After | 8.11 (6.17), (3.89: 12.32) | 7.00 (5.51), (2.21: 11.78) | |
p-value | 0.028 | 0.421 | |
p-value Between multiple experiments | 0.004 | ||
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | |||
Before | 7.22 (3.27), (4.94: 9.50) | 3.14 (2.81), (0.55: 5.72) | 0.088 |
After | 6.22 (3.46), (4.05: 8.39) | 5.71 (2.36), (3.25: 8.17) | |
p-value | 0.438 | 0.091 | |
p-value Between multiple experiments | 0.420 | ||
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (expressed in MET) | |||
intense physical activity | |||
Before | 26.67 (80.00), (−148.57: 201.90) | 137.14 (362.85), (−61.56: 335.84) | 0.390 |
After | 142.22 (316.93), (−100.63: 385.07) | 228.57 (367.85), (−46.79: 503.94) | |
p-value | 0.396 | 0.551 | |
p-value Between multiple experiments | 0.317 | ||
moderate physical activity | |||
Before | 306.67 (420.48), (1.24: 612.08) | 271.43 (436.02), (−74.88: 617.74) | 0.06 |
After | 1293.33 (1452.17), (493.64: 2093.02) | 222.86 (328.11), (−683.90: 1129.61) | |
p-value | 0.036 | 0.912 | |
p-value Between multiple experiments | 0.166 | ||
walking | |||
Before | 1001.00 (973.08), (321.97: 1680.02) | 820.29 (917.78), (50.34: 1590.22) | 0.841 |
After | 1767.86 (3541.21), (−209.95: 3745.67) | ||
p-value | 0.721 | 0.365 | |
p-value Between multiple experiments | 0.362 | ||
overall | |||
Before | 1334.33 (116.97), (451.71: 2216.95) | 1228.86 (1375.79), (228.06: 2229.65) | 0.685 |
After | 2761.06 (2010.99), (739.50: 4782.60) | 2219.29 (3641.98), (−72.93: 4511.51) | |
p-value | 0.184 | 0.407 | |
p-value Between multiple experiments | 0.140 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Czech, O.; Siewierska, K.; Krzywińska, A.; Skórniak, J.; Maciejczyk, A.; Matkowski, R.; Szczepańska-Gieracha, J.; Malicka, I. Virtual Therapy Complementary Prehabilitation of Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer—A Pilot Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 722. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010722
Czech O, Siewierska K, Krzywińska A, Skórniak J, Maciejczyk A, Matkowski R, Szczepańska-Gieracha J, Malicka I. Virtual Therapy Complementary Prehabilitation of Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer—A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(1):722. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010722
Chicago/Turabian StyleCzech, Oliver, Katarzyna Siewierska, Aleksandra Krzywińska, Jakub Skórniak, Adam Maciejczyk, Rafał Matkowski, Joanna Szczepańska-Gieracha, and Iwona Malicka. 2023. "Virtual Therapy Complementary Prehabilitation of Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer—A Pilot Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1: 722. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010722