Association of Workplace Culture of Health and Employee Emotional Wellbeing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants and Data Collection
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Workplace Culture of Health (COH) Scale
2.2.2. Stress
2.2.3. Depression
2.2.4. Biometric Screening Data
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Differences by Gender and Job Class
3.3. Correlations
3.4. Regression Models Predicting Workplace COH
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Total Sample | Female | Male | Non-Supervisor | Supervisor | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | n = 6235 | n = 4007 | n = 2228 | n = 5023 | n = 1212 | |||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Age | 45.02 | 11.45 | 45.31 | 11.56 | 44.48 | 11.23 | 44.54 | 11.7 | 46.98 | 10.13 |
Workplace COH | ||||||||||
Total Score | 73.86 | 12.94 | 73.43 | 13.03 | 74.64 | 12.74 | 73.59 | 13.10 | 74.99 | 12.19 |
Leadership | 76.87 | 17.85 | 76.28 | 18.07 | 77.94 | 17.40 | 76.51 | 18.00 | 78.38 | 17.13 |
Policies | 77.59 | 16.94 | 76.82 | 17.17 | 78.97 | 16.41 | 77.37 | 17.02 | 78.48 | 16.57 |
Programs | 74.47 | 17.47 | 74.16 | 17.65 | 75.04 | 17.14 | 74.63 | 17.27 | 73.79 | 18.26 |
Supervisor Support | 76.89 | 18.23 | 76.59 | 18.24 | 77.42 | 18.20 | 76.74 | 18.43 | 77.48 | 17.36 |
Peer Support | 74.47 | 16.11 | 74.98 | 16.27 | 73.55 | 15.78 | 74.18 | 16.37 | 75.65 | 14.94 |
Values | 76.63 | 16.66 | 76.81 | 16.55 | 76.31 | 16.85 | 76.33 | 16.84 | 77.85 | 15.82 |
Morale | 70.13 | 13.92 | 69.48 | 14.08 | 71.31 | 13.55 | 69.68 | 14.21 | 72.00 | 12.51 |
Engagement | 81.20 | 13.64 | 80.91 | 13.45 | 81.73 | 13.96 | 80.56 | 13.82 | 83.87 | 12.49 |
Health & Biometrics | ||||||||||
Stress | 5.47 | 2.60 | 5.61 | 2.57 | 5.21 | 2.63 | 5.33 | 2.61 | 6.02 | 2.46 |
Depression | 96.87 | 13.82 | 96.64 | 14.18 | 97.27 | 13.12 | 96.62 | 14.42 | 97.88 | 10.92 |
BMI | 29.20 | 6.81 | 29.15 | 7.33 | 29.35 | 5.80 | 29.27 | 6.94 | 29.00 | 6.32 |
Systolic | 120.20 | 13.27 | 118.28 | 13.15 | 123.31 | 12.75 | 119.95 | 13.12 | 120.60 | 13.68 |
Diastolic | 77.02 | 8.82 | 76.34 | 8.87 | 78.23 | 8.74 | 76.97 | 8.87 | 77.20 | 8.89 |
Pulse Pressure | 43.18 | 9.92 | 41.95 | 9.80 | 45.08 | 9.61 | 42.99 | 9.74 | 43.40 | 10.29 |
Glucose | 96.64 | 23.49 | 95.73 | 23.35 | 100.10 | 25.41 | 97.28 | 24.71 | 97.35 | 21.97 |
Non-HDL | 130.14 | 38.92 | 126.74 | 37.50 | 135.97 | 40.21 | 130.00 | 38.87 | 130.18 | 38.22 |
Appendix B
Variable | R2 | F | p | df | b | β | SE | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Engagement | 0.51 | 281.1 | <0.001 | (23, 6211) | ||||||
COH Score | 74.83 | 0.71 | 0.02 | 47.23 | 0.000 | |||||
Gender | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.27 | 0.787 | |||||
Job Class | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 5.89 | 0.000 | |||||
Age | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.71 | 0.475 | |||||
BMI | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.77 | 0.444 | |||||
Pulse Pressure | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.32 | 0.748 | |||||
Glucose | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | −0.21 | 0.831 | |||||
Non HDL | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.01 | −1.15 | 0.249 | |||||
Org 1 | 4.42 | 0.32 | 0.15 | 2.23 | 0.026 | |||||
Org 2 | 1.36 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 1.84 | 0.066 | |||||
Org 3 | 1.58 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 1.82 | 0.069 | |||||
Org 4 | 2.72 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 3.50 | 0.000 | |||||
Org 5 | 1.29 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 1.32 | 0.187 | |||||
Org 6 | 1.23 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 1.80 | 0.071 | |||||
Org 7 | 2.98 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 1.35 | 0.176 | |||||
Org 8 | 0.81 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.84 | 0.402 | |||||
Org 9 | 1.49 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.87 | 0.382 | |||||
Org 10 | 1.35 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 1.71 | 0.087 | |||||
Org 11 | −6.07 | −0.44 | 0.05 | −8.19 | 0.000 | |||||
Org 12 | 3.29 | 0.24 | 0.39 | 0.61 | 0.539 | |||||
Org 13 | 2.69 | 0.20 | 0.09 | 2.23 | 0.026 | |||||
Org 14 | 3.64 | 0.27 | 0.08 | 3.17 | 0.002 | |||||
Org 15 | 4.21 | 0.31 | 0.06 | 4.89 | 0.000 | |||||
Stress | 0.20 | 65.63 | <0.001 | (23, 6211) | ||||||
COH Score | −0.08 | −0.4 | 0.02 | −27 | 0.000 | |||||
Gender | −0.32 | −0.1 | 0.03 | −4.4 | 0.000 | |||||
Job Class | 0.95 | 0.37 | 0.03 | 13.5 | 0.000 | |||||
Age | −0.01 | −0 | 0.01 | −3 | 0.003 | |||||
BMI | 0.00 | −0 | 0.02 | −0.2 | 0.824 | |||||
Pulse Pressure | 0.00 | −0 | 0.01 | −0.5 | 0.587 | |||||
Glucose | 0.00 | −0 | 0.02 | −0.2 | 0.804 | |||||
Non HDL | 0.00 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.959 | |||||
Org 1 | −0.93 | −0.4 | 0.15 | −2.5 | 0.014 | |||||
Org 2 | −0.46 | −0.2 | 0.05 | −3.2 | 0.001 | |||||
Org 3 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 0.875 | |||||
Org 4 | −0.73 | −0.3 | 0.06 | −5 | 0.000 | |||||
Org 5 | −0.47 | −0.2 | 0.07 | −2.5 | 0.011 | |||||
Org 6 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.887 | |||||
Org 7 | −0.06 | −0 | 0.16 | −0.1 | 0.890 | |||||
Org 8 | 0.27 | 0.1 | 0.07 | 1.47 | 0.141 | |||||
Org 9 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.59 | 0.553 | |||||
Org 10 | −0.82 | −0.3 | 0.06 | −5.5 | 0.000 | |||||
Org 11 | 0.82 | 0.32 | 0.05 | 5.81 | 0.000 | |||||
Org 12 | 0.34 | 0.13 | 0.39 | 0.34 | 0.737 | |||||
Org 13 | −0.76 | −0.3 | 0.09 | −3.3 | 0.001 | |||||
Org 14 | −1.34 | −0.5 | 0.08 | −6.1 | 0.000 | |||||
Org 15 | −0.85 | −0.3 | 0.06 | −5.2 | 0.000 | |||||
Depression | 0.02 | 5.25 | <0.001 | (23, 6211) | ||||||
COH Score | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 5.05 | 0.000 | |||||
Gender | 0.38 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.97 | 0.330 | |||||
Job Class | 1.03 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 2.75 | 0.006 | |||||
Age | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 3.45 | 0.001 | |||||
BMI | −0.08 | −0 | 0.02 | −2.5 | 0.014 | |||||
Pulse Pressure | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 1.15 | 0.250 | |||||
Glucose | −0.03 | −0.1 | 0.02 | −3.1 | 0.002 | |||||
Non HDL | 0.00 | −0 | 0.01 | −0.4 | 0.701 | |||||
Org 1 | −1.52 | −0.1 | 0.15 | −0.8 | 0.449 | |||||
Org 2 | −0.58 | −0 | 0.05 | −0.8 | 0.443 | |||||
Org 3 | −1.34 | −0.1 | 0.06 | −1.5 | 0.130 | |||||
Org 4 | −2.24 | −0.2 | 0.06 | −2.8 | 0.004 | |||||
Org 5 | −1.95 | −0.1 | 0.07 | −2 | 0.049 | |||||
Org 6 | −1.31 | −0.1 | 0.05 | −1.9 | 0.058 | |||||
Org 7 | −4.10 | −0.3 | 0.16 | −1.8 | 0.066 | |||||
Org 8 | −1.92 | −0.1 | 0.07 | −2 | 0.049 | |||||
Org 9 | 0.27 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.875 | |||||
Org 10 | −0.86 | −0.1 | 0.06 | −1.1 | 0.282 | |||||
Org 11 | 1.63 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 2.18 | 0.029 | |||||
Org 12 | −3.14 | −0.2 | 0.39 | −0.6 | 0.563 | |||||
Org 13 | −2.79 | −0.2 | 0.09 | −2.3 | 0.022 | |||||
Org 14 | −1.73 | −0.1 | 0.08 | −1.5 | 0.137 | |||||
Org 15 | 0.38 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.44 | 0.661 |
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Female | Male | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 4007) | (n = 2228) | |||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | t | df | p | d | |
COH Score | 73.43 | 13.03 | 74.64 | 12.74 | −3.58 | 4691 | <0.001 | 0.09 |
Engagement | 80.91 | 13.45 | 81.73 | 13.96 | −2.24 | 4460 | 0.025 | 0.06 |
Stress | 5.61 | 2.57 | 5.21 | 2.63 | 5.70 | 4512 | <0.001 | 0.15 |
Depression | 96.64 | 14.18 | 97.27 | 13.12 | −1.78 | 4908 | 0.07 | 0.05 |
Non-Supervisor | Supervisor | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 5023) | (n = 1212) | |||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | t | df | p | d | |
COH Score | 73.59 | 13.10 | 74.99 | 12.19 | −3.58 | 4691 | <0.001 | 0.09 |
Engagement | 80.56 | 13.82 | 83.87 | 12.49 | −2.24 | 4460 | 0.025 | 0.06 |
Stress | 5.33 | 2.61 | 6.02 | 2.46 | 5.70 | 4512 | <0.001 | 0.15 |
Depression | 96.62 | 14.42 | 97.88 | 10.92 | −1.78 | 4908 | 0.07 | 0.05 |
Variable | R2 | F | p | df | β | SE | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Engagement | 0.51 | 281.1 | <0.001 | (23, 6211) | |||||
COH Score | 0.71 | 0.01 | 77.89 | <0.001 | |||||
Gender | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.37 | 0.711 | |||||
Job Class | 0.16 | 0.02 | 6.94 | <0.001 | |||||
Age | −0.01 | 0.01 | −1.02 | 0.306 | |||||
BMI | −0.01 | 0.01 | −1.34 | 0.181 | |||||
Pulse Pressure | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.46 | 0.648 | |||||
Glucose | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.44 | 0.658 | |||||
Non HDL | −0.01 | 0.01 | −1.53 | 0.127 | |||||
Stress | 0.20 | 65.63 | <0.001 | (23, 6211) | |||||
COH Score | −0.40 | 0.01 | −34.43 | <0.001 | |||||
Gender | −0.12 | 0.03 | −4.72 | <0.001 | |||||
Job Class | 0.37 | 0.03 | 12.45 | <0.001 | |||||
Age | −0.04 | 0.01 | −3.36 | <0.001 | |||||
BMI | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.30 | 0.761 | |||||
Pulse Pressure | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.60 | 0.547 | |||||
Glucose | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.40 | 0.687 | |||||
Non HDL | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.957 | |||||
Depression | 0.02 | 5.25 | <0.001 | (23, 6211) | |||||
COH Score | 0.08 | 0.01 | 5.89 | <0.001 | |||||
Gender | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.95 | 0.345 | |||||
Job Class | 0.07 | 0.03 | 2.30 | 0.02 | |||||
Age | 0.05 | 0.01 | 3.49 | <0.001 | |||||
BMI | −0.04 | 0.01 | −3.03 | <0.001 | |||||
Pulse Pressure | 0.02 | 0.01 | 1.15 | 0.249 | |||||
Glucose | −0.06 | 0.01 | −4.48 | <0.001 | |||||
Non HDL | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.36 | 0.719 |
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Marenus, M.W.; Marzec, M.; Chen, W. Association of Workplace Culture of Health and Employee Emotional Wellbeing. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912318
Marenus MW, Marzec M, Chen W. Association of Workplace Culture of Health and Employee Emotional Wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912318
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarenus, Michele Wolf, Mary Marzec, and Weiyun Chen. 2022. "Association of Workplace Culture of Health and Employee Emotional Wellbeing" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912318