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Review

The Relative Age Effects in Educational Development: A Systematic Review

by
Alar Urruticoechea
1,*,†,
Andrés Oliveri
2,†,
Elena Vernazza
3,†,
Marta Giménez-Dasí
4,†,
Rosario Martínez-Arias
5,† and
Javier Martín-Babarro
4,†
1
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
2
Dirección General de Planeamiento, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
3
Instituto de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
4
Sección Departamental de Investigación y Psicología en Educación, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
5
Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(17), 8966; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178966
Submission received: 30 June 2021 / Revised: 5 August 2021 / Accepted: 13 August 2021 / Published: 26 August 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Factors and Health in Education: An Interdisciplinary Approach)
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Abstract

There is a large number of variables, studied in the literature, that affect the integral development of students in the educational stage, but few research analyze the effects that relative age can have on development. The aim of this study is to review and summarize the results obtained, on this subject, in recent research. The methodology used has followed the PRISMA declaration. The final sample is composed by 21 articles, which use data from 24 countries and 32 assessments. The main conclusions indicate that relatively younger children in same class groups: (a) obtain significantly lower mean scores in cognitive and motor tests, (b) have a higher repetition rate, and (c) have a less capacity of socialization. Finally, it should be noted that considering the results obtained by the research on relative age effect on child development, some authors propose to adapt educational practices to minimize these effects.
Keywords: age differences; developmental differences; education; educational process; systematic review age differences; developmental differences; education; educational process; systematic review

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MDPI and ACS Style

Urruticoechea, A.; Oliveri, A.; Vernazza, E.; Giménez-Dasí, M.; Martínez-Arias, R.; Martín-Babarro, J. The Relative Age Effects in Educational Development: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8966. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178966

AMA Style

Urruticoechea A, Oliveri A, Vernazza E, Giménez-Dasí M, Martínez-Arias R, Martín-Babarro J. The Relative Age Effects in Educational Development: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(17):8966. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178966

Chicago/Turabian Style

Urruticoechea, Alar, Andrés Oliveri, Elena Vernazza, Marta Giménez-Dasí, Rosario Martínez-Arias, and Javier Martín-Babarro. 2021. "The Relative Age Effects in Educational Development: A Systematic Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17: 8966. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178966

APA Style

Urruticoechea, A., Oliveri, A., Vernazza, E., Giménez-Dasí, M., Martínez-Arias, R., & Martín-Babarro, J. (2021). The Relative Age Effects in Educational Development: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), 8966. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178966

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