Factors Related to Sports Participation in Brazil: An Analysis Based on the 2015 National Household Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodological Procedures
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Adventure sport | Basketball | Bodybuilding/fitness | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Alpinism Bungee jumping Free climbing Free flight Hiking Mountain climbing | Parachuting Paragliding Rappel Slackline Tree climbing Zipline | Indoor Mini-basket Street | Bodybuilding Weight lifting Weight training | |
Cards and board | Car sports | Combat sports/martial arts | ||
Card games Chess Dice Draughts | Car racing Enduro Karting Motocross Motorcycling powerboating Rally | Aikido Boxing Capoeira Full contact Jiu jitsu Judo Karate Kickboxing | Kung fu MMA Muay thai Sumo Taekwondo Tai chi chuan Wrestling | |
Cycling | Dance/ballet | Fitness sports | ||
Bmx Cycling street and road Cycling tour Mountain-bike | Ballroom Classic Contemporary Modern Sports | Aerobics Bikestretching Cardio fitness Functional training Gym Physical exercises Pilates | Spinning Stationary Step Treadmill Water aerobics Yoga | |
Soccer | Futsal | Gymnastics | ||
Beach Field Society | Futsal Indoor soccer | Artistic Rhythmic Trampoline | ||
Handball | Skate/skating | Small balls and rackets | ||
Beach Indoor | Rollerblading Skateboarding Skating | Badminton Beach tennis Billiards Bocha Bowling Court tennis Frescobol Golf | Padel Ping-pong Pool Racquetball Shuttlecook Squash Table tennis | |
Sports with animals | Swimming/heels | Track and field | ||
Dressage Equestrianism Horseback Polo Racing Riding Rodeo | Diving Synchronized swimming Swimming Water polo | Athletics Jumps Marathon Race walking Road running Throws Track races | ||
Volleyball | Walking | Water sports | ||
Beach Indoor Volleyball | Walking | Bodyboarding Canoeing Diving Fishing Kayaking Kitesurfing Rowing | Sailing Stand-up paddle Surfing Underwater fishing Waterskiing Windsurfing |
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Characteristics | People in the Sample |
---|---|
TOTAL | 71,142 |
Gender | |
Men | 32,843 |
Women | 38,299 |
Age Groups | |
15 to 20 years old | 6968 |
21 to 40 years old | 28,355 |
41 to 59 years old | 21,355 |
60 years old or older | 14,464 |
Educational Level | |
Unschooled | 4609 |
Elementary School | 28,629 |
High School | 24,762 |
Undergraduate | 12,382 |
Graduate | 760 |
Source | Reference Level | p-Value * | Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval (95%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regression | 0.000 | |||
Age | 0.000 | 0.98 | (0.98;0.98) | |
Gender | ||||
Men | Women | 0.000 | 2.29 | (2.20;2.37) |
Educational Level | ||||
Elementary | Unschooled | 0.000 | 1.86 | (1.65;2.08) |
High School | Unschooled | 0.000 | 2.94 | (2.61;3.30) |
Undergraduate | Unschooled | 0.000 | 4.54 | (4.03;5.11) |
Graduate | Unschooled | 0.000 | 5.91 | (4.90;7.12) |
Predictor | p-Value * | Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval (95%) |
---|---|---|---|
Logit 1: (lack of time/lack of SF) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 1.01 | (1.01;1.01) |
Gender | |||
Women | 0.000 | 0.65 | (0.58;0.73) |
Educational Level | |||
Graduate | 0.001 | 3.12 | (1.57;6.18) |
Logit 2: (health problems/lack of SF) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 1.08 | (1.08;1.09) |
Gender | |||
Women | 0.000 | 0.65 | (0.58;0.73) |
Educational Level | |||
Graduate | 0.065 | 0.50 | (0.24;1.04) |
Logit 3: (does not like/lack of SF) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 1.02 | (1.01;1.02) |
Gender | |||
Women | 0.000 | 0.74 | (0.66;1.02) |
Educational Level | |||
Graduate | 0.309 | 0.70 | (0.35;1.40) |
Logit 4: (lack of company/lack of SF) | |||
Age | 0.024 | 1.01 | (1.00;1.01) |
Gender | |||
Women | 0.139 | 1.14 | (0.96;1.37) |
Educational Level | |||
Graduate | 0.903 | 1.08 | (0.31;3.77) |
Logit 5: (lack of money/lack of SF) | |||
Age | 0.014 | 1.01 | (1.00;1.01) |
Gender | |||
Women | 0.001 | 1.34 | (1.12;1.61) |
Educational Level | |||
Graduate | 0.821 | 0.87 | (0.25;2.99) |
Predictor | p-Value * | Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval (95%) |
---|---|---|---|
Logit 1: (socialization/medical recommendation) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 0.92 | (0.92; 0.93) |
Gender | |||
Men | 0.000 | 8.92 | (7.05; 11.29) |
Educational Level | |||
Graduate | 0.060 | 0.32 | (0.09; 1.05) |
Logit 2: (life quality/medical recommendation) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 0.97 | (0.96; 0.97) |
Gender | |||
Men | 0.000 | 1.88 | (1.66; 2.12) |
Educational Level | |||
Graduate | 0.000 | 3.38 | (2.05; 5.56) |
Logit 3: (fun/ medical recommendation) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 0.92 | (0.92; 0.93) |
Gender | |||
Men | 0.000 | 8.15 | (7.14; 9.31) |
Educational Level | |||
Graduate | 0.224 | 0.69 | (0.38; 1.25) |
Logit 4: (fitness/ medical recommendation) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 0.94 | (0.94; 0.95) |
Gender | |||
Men | 0.000 | 2.78 | (2.44; 3.16) |
Educational Level | |||
Graduate | 0.030 | 1.90 | (1.07; 3.40) |
Logit 5: (competition/ medical recommendation) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 0.90 | (0.90; 0.91) |
Gender | |||
Men | 0.000 | 9.38 | (7.84; 11.23) |
Educational Level | |||
Graduate | 0.286 | 0.60 | (0.23; 1.54) |
Sport | Quantity | (%) |
---|---|---|
Soccer | 4692 | 28.21 |
Walking | 4480 | 26.94 |
Fitness Sports | 1562 | 9.39 |
Futsal | 1385 | 8.33 |
Others | 908 | 5.46 |
Cycling | 578 | 3.48 |
Combat/Martial Arts | 525 | 3.16 |
Gymnastics | 524 | 3.15 |
Bodybuilding/Weightlifting | 461 | 2.77 |
Volleyball | 356 | 2.14 |
Swimming/Diving | 353 | 2.12 |
Athletics | 260 | 1.56 |
Dance/Ballet | 143 | 0.86 |
Small balls and rackets | 88 | 0.53 |
Skateboarding/Skating | 65 | 0.39 |
Water Sports | 63 | 0.38 |
Basketball | 57 | 0.34 |
Handball | 41 | 0.25 |
Sport with animals | 37 | 0.22 |
Adventure sports | 19 | 0.11 |
Car sports | 18 | 0.11 |
Cards and board games | 15 | 0.09 |
Total | 100 |
Predictor | p-Value * | Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval (95%) |
---|---|---|---|
Logit 1: (Volleyball/Soccer) | |||
Age | 0.555 | 1.00 | (0.99; 1.01) |
Gender | |||
Women | 0.000 | 27.95 | (21.40; 36.52) |
Professional guidance | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 4.19 | (3.13; 5.60) |
Participated in competition | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 0.59 | (0.44; 0.79) |
Place of practice | |||
Free SF | 0.000 | 2.36 | (1.73; 3.22) |
Paid SF | 0.000 | 2.12 | (1.54; 2.92) |
Logit 2: (Swimming and Diving/Soccer) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 1.09 | (1.08; 1.10) |
Gender | |||
Women | 0.000 | 11.75 | (8.80; 15.68) |
Professional guidance | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 40.33 | (28.90; 56.28) |
Participated in competition | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 0.22 | (0.15; 0.32) |
Place of practice | |||
Free SF | 0.319 | 1.28 | (0.79; 2.06) |
Paid SF | 0.000 | 5.37 | (3.57; 8.06) |
Logit 3: (Combat and Martial Arts/Soccer) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 1.03 | (1.02; 1.04) |
Gender | |||
Women | 0.000 | 4.59 | (3.52; 5.99) |
Professional guidance | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 139.27 | (93.25; 208.00) |
Participated in competition | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 0.51 | (0.40; 0.66) |
Place of practice | |||
Free SF | 0.323 | 1.24 | (0.81; 1.88) |
Paid SF | 0.000 | 4.19 | (2.89; 6.09) |
Logit 4: (Gymnastics/Soccer) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 1.09 | (1.08; 1.10) |
Gender | |||
Women | 0.000 | 47.00 | (35.04; 63.05) |
Professional guidance | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 81.34 | (57.10; 115.88) |
Participated in competition | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 0.03 | (0.01; 0.06) |
Place of practice | |||
Free SF | 0.005 | 0.59 | (0.41; 0.86) |
Paid SF | 0.011 | 1.52 | (1.10; 2.09) |
Logit 5: (Futsal/Soccer) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 0.97 | (0.96; 0.98) |
Gender | |||
Women | 0.000 | 2.76 | (2.19; 3.47) |
Professional guidance | |||
Yes | 0.654 | 1.04 | (0.86; 1.26) |
Participated in competition | |||
Yes | 0.461 | 0.94 | (0.81; 1.10) |
Place of practice | |||
Free SF | 0.000 | 6.43 | (5.36; 7.73) |
Paid SF | 0.000 | 6.68 | (5.57; 8.01) |
Logit 6: (Fitness sports/Soccer) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 1.06 | (1.06; 1.07) |
Gender | |||
Women | 0.000 | 21.89 | (17.58; 27.25) |
Professional guidance | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 62.19 | (49.29; 78.45) |
Participated in competition | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 0.03 | (0.02; 0.04) |
Place of practice | |||
Free SF | 0.000 | 0.55 | (0.41; 0.74) |
Paid SF | 0.000 | 3.78 | (2.98; 4.78) |
Logit 7: (Dance and Ballet/Soccer) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 1.07 | (1.06; 1.08) |
Gender | |||
Women | 0.000 | 97.02 | (55.73; 168.88) |
Professional guidance | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 43.47 | (25.14; 75.17) |
Participated in competition | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 0.27 | (0.16; 0.45) |
Place of practice | |||
Free SF | 0.311 | 0.75 | (0.43; 1.31) |
Paid SF | 0.466 | 1.21 | (0.72; 2.04) |
Logit 8: (Bodybuilding and Weightlifting/Soccer) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 1.05 | (1.04; 1.06) |
Gender | |||
Women | 0.000 | 12.64 | (9.63; 16.61) |
Professional guidance | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 64.56 | (45.43; 91.75) |
Participated in competition | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 0.03 | (0.02; 0.06) |
Place of practice | |||
Free SF | 0.239 | 0.69 | (0.37; 1.28) |
Paid SF | 0.000 | 8.34 | (5.22; 13.33) |
Logit 9: (Cycling/Soccer) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 1.06 | (1.05; 1.07) |
Gender | |||
Women | 0.000 | 7.90 | (6.20; 10.08) |
Professional guidance | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 3.28 | (2.21; 4.87) |
Participated in competition | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 0.30 | (0.22; 0.43) |
Place of practice | |||
Free SF | 0.000 | 0.03 | (0.02; 0.06) |
Paid SF | 0.000 | 0.04 | (0.02; 0.07) |
Logit 10: (Walking/Soccer) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 1.10 | (1.09; 1.10) |
Gender | |||
Women | 0.000 | 48.37 | (40.39; 57.91) |
Professional guidance | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 2.83 | (2.23; 3.60) |
Participated in competition | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 0.04 | (0.02; 0.05) |
Place of practice | |||
Free SF | 0.000 | 0.11 | (0.09; 0.13) |
Paid SF | 0.000 | 0.10 | (0.08; 0.13) |
Logit 11: (Athletics/Soccer) | |||
Age | 0.000 | 1.05 | (1.04; 1.06) |
Gender | |||
Women | 0.000 | 8.59 | (6.29; 11.72) |
Professional guidance | |||
Yes | 0.000 | 8.31 | (5.83; 11.84) |
Participated in competition | |||
Yes | 0.001 | 1.62 | (1.21; 2.18) |
Place of practice | |||
Free SF | 0.000 | 0.10 | (0.06; 0.17) |
Paid SF | 0.000 | 0.13 | (0.08; 0.20) |
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Magno, F.; ten Caten, C.S.; Reppold Filho, A.R.; Callegaro, A.M.; Ferreira, A.d.C.D. Factors Related to Sports Participation in Brazil: An Analysis Based on the 2015 National Household Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6011. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176011
Magno F, ten Caten CS, Reppold Filho AR, Callegaro AM, Ferreira AdCD. Factors Related to Sports Participation in Brazil: An Analysis Based on the 2015 National Household Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17):6011. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176011
Chicago/Turabian StyleMagno, Felipe, Carla Schwengber ten Caten, Alberto Reinaldo Reppold Filho, Aline Marian Callegaro, and Alan de Carvalho Dias Ferreira. 2020. "Factors Related to Sports Participation in Brazil: An Analysis Based on the 2015 National Household Survey" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6011. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176011