The Effect of Pediatric Liver Transplantation on Depression Levels in Children and the Potential Role of Liver Enzymes as Biomarkers

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to examine the level of depression in children who had undergone pediatric liver transplantation and to evaluate the potential role of liver enzymes as biomarkers of depression. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with 50 pediatric liver transplant recipients followed at the Liver Transplantation Institute of İnönü University, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews. The Personal and Transplant Information Form, Child Revised Impact of Event Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire–Depression were used as data collection tools. In addition to descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, correlation analyses, and regression analyses were performed. Results: The median PHQ-9 score was 1.00 (Q1–Q3: 0.00–5.00), indicating generally low levels of depression. A significant positive correlation was found between CRIES and PHQ-9 scores (r = 0.414, p < 0.01). In contrast, no consistent significant associations were observed between liver enzyme levels and depression scores in multivariate analyses, although bilirubin showed a modest negative correlation with PHQ-9 scores. In the multivariate analysis, although the overall regression model was not statistically significant, the CRIES score showed an individual association with PHQ-9 scores within the model (B = 0.117, p = 0.037). Conclusions: Liver enzymes cannot be considered strong biomarkers of depression in pediatric liver transplant recipients; however, post-traumatic stress symptoms may be an important clinical indicator for assessing psychological adjustment.