Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Lupus Nephritis

Chen, Sixiu; Guo, Junhan; Huang, Xiamin; He, Wei; Yu, Xueqing; Xia, Xi; Chen, Wei

doi:10.3390/medicina60060988

Open AccessArticle

Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Lupus Nephritis

by

Sixiu Chen

^1,†

,

Junhan Guo

^1,†,

Xiamin Huang

¹,

Wei He

²

,

Xueqing Yu

¹,

Xi Xia

^1,* and

Wei Chen

^1,*

¹

Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, NHC Key Laboratory of Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China

²

Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Medicina 2024, 60(6), 988; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060988

Submission received: 10 April 2024 / Revised: 24 May 2024 / Accepted: 7 June 2024 / Published: 17 June 2024

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pulmonary Hypertension: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Management)

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Abstract

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Materials and Methods: Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of 387 patients with LN were retrospectively collected from 2007 to 2017. PH was defined as pulmonary artery systolic pressure ≥40 mmHg assessed by resting transthoracic echocardiography. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. The secondary endpoint was renal events, defined as the doubling of baseline serum creatinine or end-stage renal disease. Associations between PH and outcomes were analyzed by Cox regression models. Results: A total of 15.3% (59/387) of patients with LN were diagnosed with PH, and the prevalence of PH was higher for patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 mL/min/1.73 m² compared to those with an eGFR ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m² (31.5% vs. 12.6%). Higher mean arterial pressure, lower hemoglobin, and lower triglyceride levels were associated with greater odds of having PH. After adjusting for relevant confounding variables, PH was independently associated with a higher risk for death (HR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.01–4.00; p = 0.047) and renal events (HR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.04–4.12; p = 0.039). Conclusions: PH is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and adverse renal outcomes in patients with LN.

Keywords: pulmonary hypertension; lupus nephritis; mortality; kidney failure; renal dialysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, S.; Guo, J.; Huang, X.; He, W.; Yu, X.; Xia, X.; Chen, W. Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Lupus Nephritis. Medicina 2024, 60, 988. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060988

AMA Style

Chen S, Guo J, Huang X, He W, Yu X, Xia X, Chen W. Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Lupus Nephritis. Medicina. 2024; 60(6):988. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060988

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Sixiu, Junhan Guo, Xiamin Huang, Wei He, Xueqing Yu, Xi Xia, and Wei Chen. 2024. "Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Lupus Nephritis" Medicina 60, no. 6: 988. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060988

APA Style

Chen, S., Guo, J., Huang, X., He, W., Yu, X., Xia, X., & Chen, W. (2024). Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Lupus Nephritis. Medicina, 60(6), 988. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060988

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Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Lupus Nephritis

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