Severe Vitamin D Deficiency—A Possible Cause of Resistance to Treatment in Psychiatric Pathology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Description of the Included Articles
3.2. Psychiatric Diseases and Vitamin D
3.3. Neurodevelopmental Disorders
3.4. Psychotic Spectrum Diseases
3.5. Bipolar Disorders
3.6. Depression
3.7. Anxiety Disorder
3.8. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
3.9. Trauma and Stress-Related Disorders
3.10. Eating Disorders
3.11. Elimination Disorders
3.12. Sleep-Wake Disorders
3.13. Sexual Disorders
3.14. Neurocognitive Diseases
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Psychiatric Diagnosis | Mechanism and Receptors |
---|---|
Psychotic spectrum diseases | Vitamin D has an important role in cell differentiation, neurotransmitter synthesis, calcium homeostasis, cognitive function, prevention of oxidative damage, and neuron function. Receptor—1,25(OH)2D3 antagonizing the effects of the glucocorticoid on hippocampal neurons [59] |
Lower level of serum Vitamin D is caused by long periods of institutionalization, inactivity, and, therefore, less exposure to sunlight [49] | |
Bipolar disorders | Increased 25OHD synthesis during decompensation [54] Lower level of Vitamin D in depressive patients [55] |
Depression | Mechanisms implied are exerting influence on neuroendocrine, immunological, and neurotrophic systems [59] |
Receptors are localized in the hypothalamus [124] | |
Anxiety disorders | Imbalanced calcium homeostasis [125] |
Interference in serotonin synthesis by expression of the serotonin-synthesizing gene, therefore maintaining serotonin within the normal range [126] | |
Mediation of several pathways for insulin or serotonin which were associated with mood disorders [127] | |
Obsessive-compulsive disorder | Elusive underlying mechanism [80] |
Trauma- and stress-related disorders | Vitamin D regulates neuro-inflammatory and neuro-immunological mechanisms [82] |
Brain areas with altered activity in patients with PTSD express vitamin D receptors in the prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and hypothalamus [9] | |
Vitamin D mediates the regulation of serotonin and catecholamine [83] | |
Eating disorder | Vitamin D deficiency as a consequence [87] |
Sleep-wake disorder | Vitamin D deficiency is associated with lower sleep duration, worse sleep quality, an increase in time of sleep onset in pediatric populations, and circadian rhythm regulation [95] |
Elimination disorders | Prostatic cells can express a hydroxylase that can synthesize the active form of vitamin D [90] |
Vitamin D receptors are located in the urinary bladder and pelvic floor muscles [91] | |
Sexual disorders | Low levels of vitamin D are associated with an increased risk for atherosclerotic events through inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and impaired glucose metabolism [104] |
Receptors of 1,25(OH)2-D3 inhibit the expression of inducible nitric oxide NO synthetase [128] | |
Neurocognitive disease | Important role in memory formation; the active form of vitamin D supports neurotransmission, neuroprotection, and synaptic plasticity [110] |
Vitamin D receptors are present in the hippocampus. They are responsible for blocking calcium influx and also the toxicity in cultured mesencephalic neurons or hippocampal neurons [129] |
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Ciobanu, A.M.; Petrescu, C.; Anghele, C.; Manea, M.C.; Ciobanu, C.A.; Petrescu, D.M.; Antonia, M.O.; Riga, S. Severe Vitamin D Deficiency—A Possible Cause of Resistance to Treatment in Psychiatric Pathology. Medicina 2023, 59, 2056. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122056
Ciobanu AM, Petrescu C, Anghele C, Manea MC, Ciobanu CA, Petrescu DM, Antonia MO, Riga S. Severe Vitamin D Deficiency—A Possible Cause of Resistance to Treatment in Psychiatric Pathology. Medicina. 2023; 59(12):2056. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122056
Chicago/Turabian StyleCiobanu, Adela Magdalena, Cristian Petrescu, Cristina Anghele, Mihnea Costin Manea, Constantin Alexandru Ciobanu, Diana Mihaela Petrescu, Mihalache Oana Antonia, and Sorin Riga. 2023. "Severe Vitamin D Deficiency—A Possible Cause of Resistance to Treatment in Psychiatric Pathology" Medicina 59, no. 12: 2056. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122056
APA StyleCiobanu, A. M., Petrescu, C., Anghele, C., Manea, M. C., Ciobanu, C. A., Petrescu, D. M., Antonia, M. O., & Riga, S. (2023). Severe Vitamin D Deficiency—A Possible Cause of Resistance to Treatment in Psychiatric Pathology. Medicina, 59(12), 2056. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122056