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Review

Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review

by
Aleksandra Veselinović
1,2,*,
Snježana Petrović
3,
Vladica Žikić
1,2,
Miško Subotić
1,
Vladimir Jakovljević
4,5,
Nevena Jeremić
6 and
Vesna Vučić
3
1
Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Development Institute “Life Activities Advancement Centre”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
2
Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
3
Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
4
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
5
Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia
6
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Medicina 2021, 57(9), 893; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090893
Submission received: 10 July 2021 / Revised: 23 August 2021 / Accepted: 24 August 2021 / Published: 28 August 2021
(This article belongs to the Topic Human Anatomy and Pathophysiology)
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Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests and activities. The maternal status of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) regulates microglial activity and neuroinflammatory pathways during a child’s brain development. In children with ASD, the metabolism of PUFA is thought to be deficient or abnormal, leading to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, increased oxidative stress and an imbalance in the formation and action of neurotransmitters. In addition, nutritional deficits in omega-3 PUFA may affect gut microbiota and contribute to ASD by the gut–brain axis. The aim of this study was to review the possible role of neuroinflammation in ASD development and the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in children with ASD. Due to a wide heterogeneity across RCTs, no definitive conclusion about omega-3 PUFA effects in ASD can be drawn. Supplementation with PUFA could be considered as one of the aspects in regulating the biological status of the organism and could provide added value to standard medical and psychological interventions for reducing behavioral deficits.
Keywords: ASD; PUFA; supplementation; neuroinflammation; gut microbiota; gut–brain axis ASD; PUFA; supplementation; neuroinflammation; gut microbiota; gut–brain axis

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Veselinović, A.; Petrović, S.; Žikić, V.; Subotić, M.; Jakovljević, V.; Jeremić, N.; Vučić, V. Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review. Medicina 2021, 57, 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090893

AMA Style

Veselinović A, Petrović S, Žikić V, Subotić M, Jakovljević V, Jeremić N, Vučić V. Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review. Medicina. 2021; 57(9):893. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090893

Chicago/Turabian Style

Veselinović, Aleksandra, Snježana Petrović, Vladica Žikić, Miško Subotić, Vladimir Jakovljević, Nevena Jeremić, and Vesna Vučić. 2021. "Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review" Medicina 57, no. 9: 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090893

APA Style

Veselinović, A., Petrović, S., Žikić, V., Subotić, M., Jakovljević, V., Jeremić, N., & Vučić, V. (2021). Neuroinflammation in Autism and Supplementation Based on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review. Medicina, 57(9), 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090893

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