Cognitive–Evaluative Dimension of Pain in Neuropathic Pain Relapse in Sciatica: A Case Report
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Case
2.1. General Information
2.2. Medical History
2.3. Assessments Performed Before Rehabilitation on Day 1
2.4. Clinical Diagnosis and Rehabilitation Programs
2.5. Summary of Change in the Result of Pain-Related Assessments
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Day 1 | Day 22 | Day 36 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Right | Left | Right | Left | Right | Left | |
Maximum width in the drawings of the lower extremity (cm) | 3.84 | 1.81 | 2.95 | 1.77 | 1.77 | 1.55 |
Ratio of the maximum width (Right/Left) (times) | 2.12 | 1.67 | 1.14 | |||
Area of the drawings of the lower extremity (cm2) | 39.95 | 21.06 | 34.50 | 22.12 | 25.37 | 23.87 |
Ratio of the area (Right/Left) (times) | 1.89 | 1.54 | 1.06 |
Day 1 | Day 8 | Day 15 | Day 22 | Day 29 | Day 36 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | ||||||
Physical therapy assessments | |||||||
ROM | |||||||
Hip external rotation (°) | 35 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 |
Hip flexion (°) | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 |
SLR (°) | 30 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 60 | 60 | 70 |
Muscle condition | |||||||
Stiffness of gluteus medius | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
Tenderness of gluteus medius | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
Orthopedic tests | |||||||
SLR test (positive sign +/−) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
Bragard test (positive sign +/−) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
Freiberg’s test (positive sign +/−) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
Piriformis test (positive sign +/−) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
Pain-related assessments | |||||||
MPQ | |||||||
Sensory–discriminative dimension (points) * | 2.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.1 |
Affective–motivational dimension (points) * | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
Cognitive–evaluative dimension (points) * | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.0 |
NRS | |||||||
Radiating pain | 9.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Numbness | 10.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
PCS | |||||||
Total (points) | 35.0 | 35.0 | 34.0 | 31.0 | 30.0 | 25.0 | 15.0 |
Rumination (points) * | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 1.0 |
Helplessness (points) * | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.0 |
Magnification (points) * | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 1.7 |
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Kawasaki, T.; Yada, T.; Ohira, M. Cognitive–Evaluative Dimension of Pain in Neuropathic Pain Relapse in Sciatica: A Case Report. Medicina 2021, 57, 658. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57070658
Kawasaki T, Yada T, Ohira M. Cognitive–Evaluative Dimension of Pain in Neuropathic Pain Relapse in Sciatica: A Case Report. Medicina. 2021; 57(7):658. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57070658
Chicago/Turabian StyleKawasaki, Tsubasa, Takuya Yada, and Masahiro Ohira. 2021. "Cognitive–Evaluative Dimension of Pain in Neuropathic Pain Relapse in Sciatica: A Case Report" Medicina 57, no. 7: 658. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57070658
APA StyleKawasaki, T., Yada, T., & Ohira, M. (2021). Cognitive–Evaluative Dimension of Pain in Neuropathic Pain Relapse in Sciatica: A Case Report. Medicina, 57(7), 658. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57070658