Enhanced Skin Permeation and Controlled Release of β-Sitosterol Using Cubosomes Encrusted with Dissolving Microneedles for the Management of Alopecia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Inspection of the Prepared β-ST-CUBs
2.2. Particle Size, Polydispersity Index, and Zeta Potential of β-ST-CUBs
2.3. The Entrapment Efficiency Determination of β-ST-CUBs
2.4. The In Vitro Release Study of β-ST-CUBs
In Vitro Release Kinetic Analysis
2.5. Transmission Electron Microscopy of Optimized β-ST-CUB
2.6. X-ray Diffraction of β-ST-CUBs
2.7. Characterization of β-ST-Loaded CUBs-MND
2.8. In Vitro Skin Permeation Study of β-ST from CUBs and CUBs-MND
2.9. The Stability Study of CUBs-MND
2.10. The IR Spectroscopy
2.11. Hair Growth Effect of β-ST-Loaded CUBs-MND
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Design and Preparation of Beta-Sitosterol Cubosomes (β-ST-CUBs)
3.3. Characterization of CUBs
3.3.1. Determination of the Particle Size, Polydispersity Index (PDI), and Zeta Potential (ZP) of β-ST-CUBs
3.3.2. Determination of the Entrapment Efficiency (EE%) of β-ST-CUBs
3.3.3. In Vitro Release Study of β-ST from the Prepared β-ST-CUBs
3.3.4. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
3.3.5. X-ray Diffraction Study
3.4. Preparation of β-ST-CUBs Loaded with Dissolving MND
3.4.1. Evaluation of CUB-MND
Morphological Studies
Drug Content
Scanning Electron Microscopy of CUBs-MND (SEM)
In Vitro Skin Permeation Study
Stability Testing of CUB-MND
Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Study
3.5. Animals
Animal Groups and Treatments
3.6. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Formulation Code | GMO (%) | β-ST (%) | Pluronic F-127 (%) | Water (mL) | Appearance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FC 1 | 100 | - | 10 | 10 | Transparent |
FC 2 | 90 | 10 | 05 | 10 | Transparent |
FC 3 | 80 | 10 | 10 | 10 | Transparent |
FC 4 | 70 | 10 | 15 | 10 | Transparent |
FC 5 | 60 | 10 | 15 | 10 | Opaque white |
Formulation Code | Particle Size (nm) | PDI | ZP (mV) |
---|---|---|---|
FC 2 | 265.03 ± 0.71 | 0.187 ± 0.01 | −28.67 ± 0.34 |
FC 3 | 224.41 ± 0.97 | 0.267 ± 0.02 | −31.27 ± 1.48 |
FC 4 | 173.67 ± 0.52 | 0.285 ± 0.02 | −35.88 ± 1.32 |
Physical Characteristics (n = 20) | |
---|---|
Length (μm) | 621.34 ± 15.70 μm |
Base diameter (μm) | 328.82 ± 18.39 μm |
Tip diameter (μm) | 27.25 ± 4.17 μm |
Aspect ratio | 0.86 ± 0.08 |
Drug content (n = 3) | 93.79 ± 2.55% |
Storage Condition | Initial Storage | 25 ± 2 °C (60 ± 5% RH) | 40 ± 2 °C (75 ± 5% RH) | 5 ± 2 °C |
---|---|---|---|---|
Time Point | 0 Month | 6 Month | 6 Month | 6 Month |
Physical appearance | Microneedles | No Change | No Change | No Change |
Drug content (%) | 93.79 ± 2.55 | 92.20 ± 1.42 | 91.10 ± 1.90 | 93.02 ± 1.57 |
Drug Permeation (Jss) μg/cm2/h | 101.17 ± 2.32 | 100.65 ± 2.96 | 99.04 ± 2.17 | 100.3 ± 2.58 |
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Prabahar, K.; Uthumansha, U.; Elsherbiny, N.; Qushawy, M. Enhanced Skin Permeation and Controlled Release of β-Sitosterol Using Cubosomes Encrusted with Dissolving Microneedles for the Management of Alopecia. Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16, 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16040563
Prabahar K, Uthumansha U, Elsherbiny N, Qushawy M. Enhanced Skin Permeation and Controlled Release of β-Sitosterol Using Cubosomes Encrusted with Dissolving Microneedles for the Management of Alopecia. Pharmaceuticals. 2023; 16(4):563. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16040563
Chicago/Turabian StylePrabahar, Kousalya, Ubaidulla Uthumansha, Nehal Elsherbiny, and Mona Qushawy. 2023. "Enhanced Skin Permeation and Controlled Release of β-Sitosterol Using Cubosomes Encrusted with Dissolving Microneedles for the Management of Alopecia" Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 4: 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16040563