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Volume 25
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Article

Characterization of Micro-Crack Orientation in a Thin Plate Using Quasi-Static Component Generated by Incident Ultrasonic Lamb Waves

by
Liang Zhao
1,2,
Jun Zhou
1,2,3,
Weifeng Yuan
1,
Bin Gu
1,2,
Mingxi Deng
4,
Caibin Xu
4,
Xiangyan Ding
3,
Zhengpan Qi
3,
Jishuo Wang
1,2,* and
Qin Ying
1,2,*
1
Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process MOE, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
2
Shock and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
3
School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
4
College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2025, 25(1), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25010222
Submission received: 10 December 2024 / Revised: 30 December 2024 / Accepted: 31 December 2024 / Published: 2 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Fault Diagnosis & Sensors)
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Abstract

The directivity of the quasi-static component (QSC) is quantitatively investigated for evaluating the orientation of a micro-crack buried in a thin solid plate using the numerical simulation method. Based on the bilinear stress–strain constitutive model, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) is built for investigating the nonlinear interaction between primary Lamb waves and the micro-crack. When the primary Lamb waves at A0 mode impinge on the micro-crack, under the modulation of the contact acoustic nonlinearity (CAN), the micro-crack itself will induce QSC. The amplitude of the QSC generated can be used for directly charactering the micro-crack orientation. The finite element simulation results show that the directivity of the QSC radiated by the micro-crack is closely related to the orientation of the micro-crack, allowing for the characterization of micro-crack orientation without the need for baseline signals. The results indicate that the directionality of the QSC can be used for characterizing the orientation of the micro-crack. The amplitude of the QSC is affected by the contact area between two surfaces of the micro-crack. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is a feasible means for the characterization of micro-crack orientation.
Keywords: micro-crack; orientation; quasi-static component; Lamb wave; bilinear stress–strain model micro-crack; orientation; quasi-static component; Lamb wave; bilinear stress–strain model

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhao, L.; Zhou, J.; Yuan, W.; Gu, B.; Deng, M.; Xu, C.; Ding, X.; Qi, Z.; Wang, J.; Ying, Q. Characterization of Micro-Crack Orientation in a Thin Plate Using Quasi-Static Component Generated by Incident Ultrasonic Lamb Waves. Sensors 2025, 25, 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25010222

AMA Style

Zhao L, Zhou J, Yuan W, Gu B, Deng M, Xu C, Ding X, Qi Z, Wang J, Ying Q. Characterization of Micro-Crack Orientation in a Thin Plate Using Quasi-Static Component Generated by Incident Ultrasonic Lamb Waves. Sensors. 2025; 25(1):222. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25010222

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhao, Liang, Jun Zhou, Weifeng Yuan, Bin Gu, Mingxi Deng, Caibin Xu, Xiangyan Ding, Zhengpan Qi, Jishuo Wang, and Qin Ying. 2025. "Characterization of Micro-Crack Orientation in a Thin Plate Using Quasi-Static Component Generated by Incident Ultrasonic Lamb Waves" Sensors 25, no. 1: 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25010222

APA Style

Zhao, L., Zhou, J., Yuan, W., Gu, B., Deng, M., Xu, C., Ding, X., Qi, Z., Wang, J., & Ying, Q. (2025). Characterization of Micro-Crack Orientation in a Thin Plate Using Quasi-Static Component Generated by Incident Ultrasonic Lamb Waves. Sensors, 25(1), 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25010222

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