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Volume 21
Issue 8
10.3390/s21082844
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Article

Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators for Precision Temperature Metrology Applications

by
Giovanni Gugliandolo
1,*,
Shahin Tabandeh
2,
Lucia Rosso
3,
Denis Smorgon
3 and
Vito Fernicola
3
1
Department of MIFT, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
2
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., National Metrology Institute VTT MIKES, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, 02150 Espoo, Finland
3
Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, 10135 Torino, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2021, 21(8), 2844; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082844
Submission received: 5 March 2021 / Revised: 31 March 2021 / Accepted: 14 April 2021 / Published: 17 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resonators Sensors)
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Abstract

In this work, the authors exploited the whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator properties as a thermometer. The sensor is made of a cylindrical sapphire microwave resonator in the center of a gold-plated copper cavity. Two coaxial cables act as antennas and excite the WGM standing waves in the cylindrical sapphire at selected resonance frequencies in the microwave range. The system affords a high quality factor that enables temperature measurements with a resolution better than 15 µK and a measurement standard uncertainty of 1.2 mK, a value approximately three times better than that achieved in previous works. The developed sensor could be a promising alternative to platinum resistance thermometers, both as a transfer standard in industrial applications and as an interpolating instrument for the dissemination of the kelvin.
Keywords: microwave resonators; whispering gallery modes; metrology; thermometry; temperature measurements microwave resonators; whispering gallery modes; metrology; thermometry; temperature measurements

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gugliandolo, G.; Tabandeh, S.; Rosso, L.; Smorgon, D.; Fernicola, V. Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators for Precision Temperature Metrology Applications. Sensors 2021, 21, 2844. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082844

AMA Style

Gugliandolo G, Tabandeh S, Rosso L, Smorgon D, Fernicola V. Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators for Precision Temperature Metrology Applications. Sensors. 2021; 21(8):2844. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082844

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gugliandolo, Giovanni, Shahin Tabandeh, Lucia Rosso, Denis Smorgon, and Vito Fernicola. 2021. "Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators for Precision Temperature Metrology Applications" Sensors 21, no. 8: 2844. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082844

APA Style

Gugliandolo, G., Tabandeh, S., Rosso, L., Smorgon, D., & Fernicola, V. (2021). Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators for Precision Temperature Metrology Applications. Sensors, 21(8), 2844. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082844

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