Planar Interdigitated Aptasensor for Flow-Through Detection of Listeria spp. in Hydroponic Lettuce Growth Media
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials, Reagents and Equipment
2.2. Bacteria Strains and Culture
2.3. Electrochemical Characterization
2.4. Pt-IME Fabrication Procedure
2.5. In Silico Model of Pt-IME Capacitance
2.6. Biofunctionalization of Pt-IMEs with Aptamers
2.7. Protocol for Bacteria Detection
2.8. Hysteresis Testing
2.9. Analysis of Hydroponic Water
2.10. Statistical Analysis and Portfolio Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. In Silico Pt-IME Model
3.2. Electrochemical Characterization
3.3. Pt-IME Biofunctionalization
3.4. Bacteria Sensing
3.5. Hysteresis and Reusability
3.6. Analysis of Hydroponic Water in Particle Trap Filter
3.7. Comparison of Listeria Sensors in the Literature
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Added [CFU mL−1] a | Rct; Spiked Sample [kΩ] b | Rct; Control [kΩ] b | Measured [CFU mL−1] | Rec. c [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|
219 | 83.1 | 78.0 | 210 | 96 |
230 | 83.1 | 78.1 | 215 | 94 |
232 | 83.0 | 78.4 | 198 | 86 |
351 | 83.9 | 77.9 | 390 | 89 |
217 | 83.0 | 77.9 | 195 | 90 |
221 | 83.3 | 78.2 | 246 | 89 |
Microelectrode (Rec. Element a) | Sample | Time [min] | LOD [CFU mL−1] | Linear Range [CFU mL−1] | Hysteresis [%] | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TiO2 nanowire bundle (Ab) | buffer | 50 | 470 | 102 to 107 | NR | Wang et al. [70] |
Screen printed electrode (Ab-NPs b + AuNPs c) | blueberry | 60 | 231 | 103 to 106 | NR | Davis et al. [84] |
Au-IME with portable potentiostat (Ab) | milk | 60 | 5 | 102 to 103 | NR | Chiriacò et al. [82] |
Gold screen printed electrode (endolysin) | milk | 30 | 1.1 × 105 | 105 to 109 | NR | Tolba et al. [46] |
Screen printed IDE | lettuce | 180 | 1.0 × 103 | 103 to 106 | NR | Wang et al. [85] |
nPt d-rGO e electrode (InlA aptamer) | vegetable broth | 17 | 9.1 | 101 to 107 | NR | Hills et al. [28] |
Pt-IME with laboratory potentiostat (InlA aptamer) | buffer | 17 | 6 ± 1 | 101 to 106 | 15.6% | This study |
laboratory potentiostat (In1A aptamer) | vegetable broth | 17 | 7.9 ± 2 | 101 to 106 | NR | This study |
Pt-IME with smartphone potentiostat (InlA aptamer) | hydroponic media | 27 | 23 ± 4 | 102 to 106 | 15.6% | This study |
Flow through Pt-IME with smartphone potentiostat (InlA aptamer) | hydroponic media | 27 | 48 ± 12 | 102 to 104 | 24.9% | This study |
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Sidhu, R.K.; Cavallaro, N.D.; Pola, C.C.; Danyluk, M.D.; McLamore, E.S.; Gomes, C.L. Planar Interdigitated Aptasensor for Flow-Through Detection of Listeria spp. in Hydroponic Lettuce Growth Media. Sensors 2020, 20, 5773. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20205773
Sidhu RK, Cavallaro ND, Pola CC, Danyluk MD, McLamore ES, Gomes CL. Planar Interdigitated Aptasensor for Flow-Through Detection of Listeria spp. in Hydroponic Lettuce Growth Media. Sensors. 2020; 20(20):5773. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20205773
Chicago/Turabian StyleSidhu, Raminderdeep K., Nicholas D. Cavallaro, Cicero C. Pola, Michelle D. Danyluk, Eric S. McLamore, and Carmen L. Gomes. 2020. "Planar Interdigitated Aptasensor for Flow-Through Detection of Listeria spp. in Hydroponic Lettuce Growth Media" Sensors 20, no. 20: 5773. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20205773