Gait Variability Using Waist- and Ankle-Worn Inertial Measurement Units in Healthy Older Adults
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
2
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2020, 20(10), 2858; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102858
Received: 22 April 2020
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Revised: 7 May 2020
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Accepted: 15 May 2020
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Published: 18 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Devices: Applications in Older Adults)
Gait variability observed in step duration is predictive of impending adverse health outcomes among apparently healthy older adults and could potentially be evaluated using wearable sensors (inertial measurement units, IMU). The purpose of the present study was to establish the reliability and concurrent validity of gait variability and complexity evaluated with a waist and an ankle-worn IMU. Seventeen women (age 74.8 (SD 44) years) and 10 men (73.7 (4.1) years) attended two laboratory measurement sessions a week apart. Their stride duration variability was concurrently evaluated based on a continuous 3 min walk using a force plate and a waist- and an ankle-worn IMU. Their gait complexity (multiscale sample entropy) was evaluated from the waist-worn IMU. The force plate indicated excellent stride duration variability reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.90), whereas fair to good reliability (ICC = 0.47 to 0.66) was observed from the IMUs. The IMUs exhibited poor to excellent concurrent validity in stride duration variability compared to the force plate (ICC = 0.22 to 0.93). A good to excellent reliability was observed for gait complexity in most coarseness scales (ICC = 0.60 to 0.82). A reasonable congruence with the force plate-measured stride duration variability was observed on many coarseness scales (correlation coefficient = 0.38 to 0.83). In conclusion, waist-worn IMU entropy estimates may provide a feasible indicator of gait variability among community-dwelling ambulatory older adults.
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Keywords:
wearable; gait; accelerometer; dynamics; non-linear
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MDPI and ACS Style
Rantalainen, T.; Karavirta, L.; Pirkola, H.; Rantanen, T.; Linnamo, V. Gait Variability Using Waist- and Ankle-Worn Inertial Measurement Units in Healthy Older Adults. Sensors 2020, 20, 2858. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102858
AMA Style
Rantalainen T, Karavirta L, Pirkola H, Rantanen T, Linnamo V. Gait Variability Using Waist- and Ankle-Worn Inertial Measurement Units in Healthy Older Adults. Sensors. 2020; 20(10):2858. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102858
Chicago/Turabian StyleRantalainen, Timo, Laura Karavirta, Henrikki Pirkola, Taina Rantanen, and Vesa Linnamo. 2020. "Gait Variability Using Waist- and Ankle-Worn Inertial Measurement Units in Healthy Older Adults" Sensors 20, no. 10: 2858. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102858
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