Novel Downhole Electromagnetic Flowmeter for Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow in High-Water-Cut Oil-Producing Wells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theory of the Downhole Two-Electrode EMF
2.1. Ideal Response Model of the Two-Electrode EMF
2.2. Weight Function of the Two-Electrode EMF
2.3. Magnetic Field of the Two-Electrode EMF
3. Dynamic Experiments on Multiphase Flow Loop Facility
3.1. The Downhole Inserted Two-Electrode EMF
3.2. Experimental Design
3.3. Experimental Setup
3.4. Response Characteristics of the Two-Electrode EMF in Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow
- (1)
- Calculating the average value of the measurement data by Equation (29),
- (2)
- Calculating the standard deviation of the measurement data by Equation (30),
- (3)
- If , are treated outlier and excluded. Then, the average value and the standard deviation are re-calculated, respectively.
4. Onsite Experiments
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The measurement principle, the weight function, and the magnetic field of the novel downhole inserted EMF are described.
- (2)
- Dynamic experiments on two EMFs in oil-water two-phase flow are carried out, and the experimental errors are analyzed in detail. The data analysis results of the dynamic experiments show that the EMF can be used for flowrate measurement of oil-water two-phase flow for the high-water-cut condition.
- (3)
- Furthermore, onsite experiments in high-water-cut oil-producing wells are conducted. The possible reasons for the errors in onsite experiments are analyzed. The results indicate that the EMF can provide an effective technology for measuring downhole oil-water two-phase flow.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source of Variation | Sum of Squares (Hz2) | Degrees of Freedom | Variance (Hz2) | F | Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regression, REG | SSREG: 14,670,981.14 | 1 | 14,670,981.14 | 9138.56 | F0.01: 7.31 |
Lack of fit, LOF | SSLOF: 28,333.51 | 8 | 3541.69 | 1.02 | F0.01: 2.99 |
F0.1: 1.83 | |||||
Pure error, PE | SSPE: 173,091.59 | 50 | 3461.83 | - | - |
Total | SST: 14,779,584.29 | 59 | - | - | - |
Source of Variation | Sum of Squares (Hz2) | Degrees of Freedom | Variance (Hz2) | F | Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regression, REG | SSREG: 12,182,370.25 | 1 | 12,182,370.25 | 2934.80 | F0.01: 7.31 |
Lack of fit, LOF | SSLOF: 33,009.10 | 7 | 4715.59 | 1.14 | F0.01: 3.29 |
F0.1: 1.83 | |||||
Pure error, PE | SSPE: 186,795.50 | 45 | 4151.01 | - | - |
Total | SST: 12,402,174.85 | 53 | - | - | - |
Water-Cut | 100% | 90% | 80% | 70% | 60% | 50% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flowrate | |||||||
60 m3/d | 0.01% | 0.70% | −1.06% | −1.90% | 0.84% | 1.17% | |
55 m3/d | −1.72% | 0.03% | 0.93% | 1.62% | 0.47% | 0.08% | |
50 m3/d | 0.27% | 0.94% | 0.93% | 1.33% | 1.57% | 0.79% | |
40 m3/d | 1.40% | 4.21% | 4.20% | 3.60% | 3.56% | 3.00% | |
30 m3/d | 1.09% | 2.36% | 2.48% | 2.49% | 2.08% | 0.61% | |
20 m3/d | −0.03% | 0.79% | 0.92% | 1.13% | −0.14% | −8.72% | |
10 m3/d | −0.48% | −0.53% | −1.99% | 0.14% | 1.13% | −6.57% | |
5 m3/d | −0.13% | −3.78% | 2.18% | −0.33% | −4.50% | 5.93% | |
3 m3/d | −0.62% | −4.91% | −5.03% | 11.84% | 11.98% | −4.35% | |
2 m3/d | −0.11% | −2.73% | −6.48% | 18.37% | 19.26% | −40.78% |
Water-Cut | 100% | 90% | 80% | 70% | 60% | 50% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flowrate | |||||||
60 m3/d | −2.87% | −2.56% | −2.44% | −3.08% | −2.27% | −3.86% | |
55 m3/d | −3.36% | −2.05% | −1.42% | −1.09% | −1.43% | −4.90% | |
50 m3/d | 1.06% | 1.86% | 2.17% | 3.57% | 3.65% | −0.52% | |
40 m3/d | 3.24% | 4.29% | 4.10% | −0.73% | −0.66% | −0.44% | |
30 m3/d | 3.19% | −0.70% | −0.74% | −0.89% | −1.01% | −1.38% | |
20 m3/d | −1.61% | −0.84% | −0.46% | −0.09% | −0.78% | −3.86% | |
10 m3/d | −1.12% | −0.67% | −0.28% | −1.55% | −0.50% | −5.48% | |
5 m3/d | −0.19% | 0.05% | −0.36% | −0.65% | 2.64% | 1.17% | |
2 m3/d | −1.17% | 3.02% | 6.86% | 25.54% | 30.39% | 47.88% |
Test Depth (m) | Perforated Zone | Turbine Flowmeter | No. 1 EMF | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First (m3/d) | Second (m3/d) | Third (m3/d) | First (m3/d) | Second (m3/d) | Third (m3/d) | ||
1083.4 | X1 | 34.6 | 34.9 | 34.9 | 52.2 | 52.2 | 52.3 |
1095.9 | X2 | 13.9 | 14.1 | 14.0 | 22.5 | 22.5 | 22.2 |
1100.7 | X3 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 10.8 | 10.4 | 10.6 |
1106.6 | X4 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.8 |
1180.0 | bore-hole bottom | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Test Depth (m) | Perforated Zone | Turbine Flowmeter | No. 2 EMF | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First (m3/d) | Second (m3/d) | Third (m3/d) | First (m3/d) | Second (m3/d) | Third (m3/d) | ||
1030.3 | Y1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37.0 | 37.3 | 37.8 |
1036.7 | Y2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.7 | 15.5 | 15.1 |
1045.2 | Y3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.8 | 10.4 | 10.6 |
1055.0 | Y4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 7.8 |
1139.9 | bore-hole bottom | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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Wang, Y.; Li, H.; Liu, X.; Zhang, Y.; Xie, R.; Huang, C.; Hu, J.; Deng, G. Novel Downhole Electromagnetic Flowmeter for Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow in High-Water-Cut Oil-Producing Wells. Sensors 2016, 16, 1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101703
Wang Y, Li H, Liu X, Zhang Y, Xie R, Huang C, Hu J, Deng G. Novel Downhole Electromagnetic Flowmeter for Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow in High-Water-Cut Oil-Producing Wells. Sensors. 2016; 16(10):1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101703
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yanjun, Haoyu Li, Xingbin Liu, Yuhui Zhang, Ronghua Xie, Chunhui Huang, Jinhai Hu, and Gang Deng. 2016. "Novel Downhole Electromagnetic Flowmeter for Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow in High-Water-Cut Oil-Producing Wells" Sensors 16, no. 10: 1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101703
APA StyleWang, Y., Li, H., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Xie, R., Huang, C., Hu, J., & Deng, G. (2016). Novel Downhole Electromagnetic Flowmeter for Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow in High-Water-Cut Oil-Producing Wells. Sensors, 16(10), 1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101703