Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Robinia pseudoacacia Depending on the Origin of Different Geographic Provenances
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Biological Material
2.2. Experimental Procedures Performed in Order to Investigate the Germination Rate
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Provenance-Population | County | Administrative Location 1 | Latitude/ Longitude | Average Yearly Temperature (°C) | Average Annual Precipitation (mm) | Altitude (m asl) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foieni | Satu Mare | OS Carei, UPIII, u.a.57L, 58A | 47°42′ N/22°24′ E | 10.9 | 619.2 | 130–130 |
Budești | Vâlcea | RNP Romsilva, OS Stoiceni UPII, u.a.5L, 5M | 45°03′ N/24°26′ E | 8.2 | 813.1 | 300–350 |
Pădurea Cetății | Bistrița Năsăud | RNP Romsilva, OSE Lechința UP.7, u.a.80C | 47°00′ N/24°20′ E | 6.3 | 802.9 | 380–400 |
Moneasa | Arad | Private Orchard Bărzani (Ruben Budău) | 46°19′ N/21°40′ E | 11.8 | 575.7 | 110–150 |
Drăgănești | Galați | RNP Romsilva, OS Tecuci UP.VI, u.a.49B | 45°46′ N/27°30′ E | 11.6 | 480.1 | 45–45 |
Borșa | Iași | RNP Romsilva, OS Iași UP. III, u.a.105E | 47°25′ N/27°20′ E | 10.5 | 540.9 | 60–160 |
Curtuișeni | Bihor | RNP Romsilva, OS Săcuieni UP. IV, u.a.45C | 47°32′ N/22°09′ E | 10.7 | 617.6 | 140–140 |
Liveni | Botoșani | RNP Romsilva, OS Darabani UP. III, u.a.26D | 48°02′ N/27°01′ E | 10.1 | 526.6 | 200–200 |
Provenance | Seeds Length (mm) | Seeds Width (mm) | Seeds Weight (g) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SEM | CV% | Mean ± SEM | CV% | Mean ± SEM | CV% | |
Satu-Mare | 3.13 ab ± 0.27 | 15.0 | 1.14 a ± 0.04 | 6.1 | 0.031 a ± 0.002 | 10.2 |
Vâlcea | 3.00 ab ± 0.06 | 3.2 | 0.63 cd ± 0.05 | 14.6 | 0.022 bc ± 0.001 | 16.0 |
Bistrița N. | 2.28 c ± 0.22 | 16.9 | 0.56 cd ± 0.19 | 5.7 | 0.017 d ± 0.001 | 4.5 |
Arad | 2.77 bc ± 0.15 | 9.4 | 0.72 bc ± 0.10 | 22.9 | 0.024 b ± 0.001 | 7.7 |
Galați | 2.36 c ± 0.10 | 7.3 | 0.40 d ± 0.02 | 8.3 | 0.019 cd ± 0.000 | 3.1 |
Iași | 2.78 bc ± 0.13 | 8.4 | 0.89 b ± 0.10 | 19.2 | 0.031 a ± 0.000 | 1.1 |
Bihor | 3.25 a ± 0.03 | 1.4 | 0.61 cd ± 0.09 | 24.1 | 0.028 a ± 0.002 | 11.3 |
Botoșani | 2.71 bc ± 0.15 | 9.6 | 0.43 d ± 0.06 | 23.7 | 0.023 bc ± 0.000 | 11.5 |
Provenance | Sulphuric Acid Treatment/Concentration | Mean Provenance ** | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
50% | 70% | 90% | ||
Satu-Mare | 5.5 gh * | 15.8 e–g | 40.0 ab | 20.4 CD |
Vâlcea | 45.3 a | 21.5 d–f | 30.0 b–d | 32.3 A |
Bistrița N. | 30.5 b–d | 25.0 c–e | 34.8 a–c | 30.1 AB |
Arad | 39.8 ab | 10.3 f–h | 25.5 c–e | 25.2 A–C |
Galați | 39.8 ab | 16.0 e–g | 20.5 d–f | 25.4 A–C |
Iași | 40.8 ab | 16.3 e–g | 26.8 c–e | 27.9 A–C |
Bihor | 0.0 h | 34.8 a–c | 0.0 h | 11.6 D |
Botoșani | 45.0 a | 4.8 gh | 20.5 d–f | 23.4 CD |
Mean treatment *** | 30.8 Z | 18.0 Y | 24.7 X | - |
Provenance | Thermal Treatment/Temperatures | Mean Provenance | ||
18 °C | 45 °C, −20 °C | 60 °C, −20 °C | ||
Satu-Mare | 20.5 ij | 49.8 b–d | 10.3 k | 26.8 EF |
Vâlcea | 30.0 g–j | 37.0 d–h | 43.8 b–f | 36.9 CD |
Bistrița N. | 40.3 c–g | 25.0 h–j | 31.0 f–j | 32.1 DE |
Arad | 25.5 h–j | 25.5 h–j | 20.0 i–j | 23.7 F |
Galați | 70.8 a | 20.8 ij | 49.8 b–d | 47.1 B |
Iași | 51.8 bc | 46.8 b–e | 34.5 e–i | 44.3 BC |
Bihor | 55.3 b | 75.0 a | 74.3 a | 68.2 A |
Botoșani | 30.5 f–j | 50.0 b–d | 55.0 b | 45.2 BC |
Mean treatment | 40.6 Z | 41.2 Z | 39.8 Z | - |
Provenance | Sulphuric Acid Treatment/Concentration | Mean Provenance ** | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
50% | 70% | 90% | ||
Satu-Mare | 24.5 f–j * | 28.5 e–h | 31.5 c–f | 28.2 BC |
Vâlcea | 10.8 l | 8.3 l | 9.3 l | 9.4 E |
Bistrița N. | 20.3 h–k | 19.5 i–k | 21.5 g–k | 20.4 D |
Arad | 45.0 a | 37.5 a–d | 40.5 ab | 41.0 A |
Galați | 30.0 d–g | 24.0 f–k | 27.5 e–i | 27.2 C |
Iași | 39.3 a–c | 29.8 d–g | 33.8 b–e | 34.3 B |
Bihor | 0.0 m | 31.8 c–f | 0.0 m | 10.6 E |
Botoșani | 22.0 g–k | 15.5 k–l | 18.8 jk | 18.8 D |
Mean treatment *** | 24.0 x | 24.3 x | 22.8 x | - |
Provenance | Thermal Treatment/Temperatures | Mean Provenance | ||
18 °C | 45 °C, −20 °C | 60 °C, −20 °C | ||
Satu-Mare | 24.0 h–l | 31.0 e–g | 18.8 kl | 24.6 C |
Vâlcea | 8.0 m | 8.6 m | 9.5 m | 8.7 F |
Bistrița N. | 21.0 j–l | 17.6 l | 20.0 k–l | 19.5 E |
Arad | 45.0 a | 42.5 ab | 38.5 bc | 42.0 A |
Galați | 26.9 f–j | 18.7 kl | 25.3 g–k | 23.6 CD |
Iași | 38.0 b–d | 36.0 c–e | 30.8 e–g | 34.9 A |
Bihor | 28.5 f–i | 30.0 e–h | 32.1 d–f | 30.2 B |
Botoșani | 17.5 l | 22.0 i–l | 23.8 h–l | 21.1 DE |
Mean treatment | 26.1 X | 25.8 X | 24.8 X | - |
Provenance | Sulphuric Acid Treatment/Concentration | Mean Provenance ** | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
50% | 70% | 90% | ||
Satu-Mare | 3.2 c–g * | 4.3 a–d | 5.2 a | 4.2 A |
Vâlcea | 5.0 a | 3.7 b–f | 4.4 a–c | 4.3 A |
Bistrița N. | 2.2 g | 2.5 fg | 3.1 d–g | 2.6 B |
Arad | 5.3 a | 4.0 a–e | 4.8 ab | 4.7 A |
Galați | 3.1 d–g | 2.2 g | 3.0 e–g | 2.7 B |
Iași | 3.5 c–g | 2.3 g | 2.6 fg | 2.8 A |
Bihor | 0.0 h | 3.3 c–g | 0.0 h | 1.1 C |
Botoșani | 3.1 c–g | 2.3 g | 2.5 fg | 2.6 B |
Mean treatment *** | 3.1 X | 3.1 X | 3.2 X | - |
Provenance | Thermal Treatment/Temperatures | Mean Provenance | ||
18 °C | 45 °C, −20 °C | 60 °C, −20 °C | ||
Satu-Mare | 4.2 a–e | 5.3 a | 3.7 b–g | 4.4 AB |
Vâlcea | 3.1 c–g | 4.0 a–e | 4.3 a–d | 3.8 BC |
Bistrița N. | 3.3 c–g | 2.8 e–g | 3.1 c–g | 3.0 CD |
Arad | 5.3 a | 4.7 ab | 4.5 a–c | 4.8 A |
Galați | 2.8 e–g | 2.3 g | 3.0 d–g | 2.7 D |
Iași | 3.8 b–f | 3.0 d–g | 2.9 e–g | 3.2 CD |
Bihor | 2.9 d–g | 3.0 d–g | 3.5 b–g | 3.1 CD |
Botoșani | 2.5 f–g | 3.4 b–g | 3.5 b–g | 3.1 CD |
Mean treatment | 3.5 X | 3.5 X | 3.7 X | - |
Provenance | Sulphuric Acid Treatment/Concentration | Mean Provenance ** | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
50% | 70% | 90% | ||
Satu-Mare | 7 d–f * | 7 d–f | 11.9 a | 8.6 AB |
Vâlcea | 9 b–d | 7 d–f | 7 d–f | 7.7 BC |
Bistrița N. | 8 c–e | 6 ef | 10 a–c | 8.0 AB |
Arad | 11 ab | 9.1 bd | 8 c–e | 9.4 A |
Galați | 8 c–e | 5 f | 6 ef | 6.3 CD |
Iași | 10 a–c | 7 d–f | 8 c–e | 8.3 AB |
Bihor | 0 g | 11 ab | 0 g | 3.7 E |
Botoșani | 7 d–f | 4.9 f | 6 ef | 6.0 D |
Mean treatment *** | 7.5 X | 7.1 X | 7.1 X | - |
Provenance | Thermal Treatment/Temperatures | Mean Provenance | ||
18 °C | 45 °C, −20 °C | 60 °C, −20 °C | ||
Satu-Mare | 9 d–e | 12 a | 7 d–g | 9.3 AB |
Vâlcea | 6 fg | 7 d–g | 7 d–g | 6.7 CD |
Bistrița N. | 10 a–c | 6 fg | 7 d–g | 7.7 BC |
Arad | 9.3 b–d | 9 d–e | 7 d–g | 8.4 B |
Galați | 6.3 e–g | 5 g | 6 fg | 5.8 D |
Iași | 9.8 a–d | 8.3 c–f | 6.3 e–g | 8.1 BC |
Bihor | 10.0 a–c | 11.8 ab | 10.8 a–c | 10.8 A |
Botoșani | 7.3 d–g | 8 c–f | 8.3 c–f | 7.8 BC |
Mean treatment | 8.4 X | 8.4 X | 7.4 Y | - |
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Roman, A.M.; Truta, A.M.; Viman, O.; Morar, I.M.; Spalevic, V.; Dan, C.; Sestras, R.E.; Holonec, L.; Sestras, A.F. Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Robinia pseudoacacia Depending on the Origin of Different Geographic Provenances. Diversity 2022, 14, 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14010034
Roman AM, Truta AM, Viman O, Morar IM, Spalevic V, Dan C, Sestras RE, Holonec L, Sestras AF. Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Robinia pseudoacacia Depending on the Origin of Different Geographic Provenances. Diversity. 2022; 14(1):34. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14010034
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoman, Andrea M., Alina M. Truta, Oana Viman, Irina M. Morar, Velibor Spalevic, Catalina Dan, Radu E. Sestras, Liviu Holonec, and Adriana F. Sestras. 2022. "Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Robinia pseudoacacia Depending on the Origin of Different Geographic Provenances" Diversity 14, no. 1: 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14010034