Cellulose-Encapsulated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Spiking of Tumor Cells Positive for the Membrane-Bound Hsp70

Dmitrieva, Anastasia; Ryzhov, Vyacheslav; Marchenko, Yaroslav; Deriglazov, Vladimir; Nikolaev, Boris; Yakovleva, Lyudmila; Smirnov, Oleg; Matveev, Vasiliy; Yudintceva, Natalia; Spitsyna, Anastasiia; Varfolomeeva, Elena; Combs, Stephanie E.; Konevega, Andrey L.; Shevtsov, Maxim

doi:10.3390/ijms27010150

Open AccessArticle

Cellulose-Encapsulated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Spiking of Tumor Cells Positive for the Membrane-Bound Hsp70

by

Anastasia Dmitrieva

¹

,

Vyacheslav Ryzhov

^1,*

,

Yaroslav Marchenko

¹

,

Vladimir Deriglazov

¹

,

Boris Nikolaev

²

,

Lyudmila Yakovleva

³

,

Oleg Smirnov

¹,

Vasiliy Matveev

¹

,

Natalia Yudintceva

^3,4

,

Anastasiia Spitsyna

¹,

Elena Varfolomeeva

¹

,

Stephanie E. Combs

⁵,

Andrey L. Konevega

^1,6,7

and

Maxim Shevtsov

^3,5,*

¹

Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre ”Kurchatov Institute”, Orlova Roshcha 1, Gatchina 188300, Russia

²

JSC ”Technopark of Saint-Petersburg”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia

³

Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg 194064, Russia

⁴

Department of Histology, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg 194100, Russia

⁵

Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany

⁶

Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia

⁷

NBICS Center, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, Moscow 123182, Russia

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010150

Submission received: 6 November 2025 / Revised: 9 December 2025 / Accepted: 19 December 2025 / Published: 23 December 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research of Nanomaterials in Molecular Science: 2nd Edition)

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Abstract

The development of highly sensitive approaches for detecting tumor cells in biological samples remains a critical challenge in laboratory and clinical oncology. In this study, we investigated the structural and magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles incorporated into cellulose microspheres of two size ranges (~100 and ~700 μm) and evaluated their potential for targeted tumor cell isolation. In the smaller microspheres, magnetite-based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized in situ via co-precipitation, whereas pre-synthesized MNPs were embedded into the larger microspheres. The geometrical characteristics of the resulting magnetic cellulose microspheres (MSCMNs) were assessed by confocal microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed an average magnetic core size of approximately 17 nm. Magnetic properties of the MNPs within MSCMNs were characterized using a highly sensitive nonlinear magnetic response technique, and their dynamic parameters were derived using a formalism based on the stochastic Hilbert–Landau–Lifshitz equation. To evaluate their applicability in cancer diagnostics and treatment monitoring, the MSCMNs were functionalized with a TKD peptide that selectively binds membrane-associated Hsp70 (mHsp70), yielding TKD@MSCMNs. Magnetic separation enabled the isolation of tumor cells from biological fluids. The specificity of TKD-mediated binding was confirmed using Flamma648-labeled Hsp70 and compared with control alloferone-conjugated microspheres (All@MSCMNs). The ability of TKD@MSCMNs to selectively extract mHsp70-positive tumor cells was validated using C6 glioma cells and mHsp70-negative FetMSCs controls. Following co-incubation, the extraction efficiency for C6 cells was 28 ± 14%, significantly higher than that for FetMSC (7 ± 7%, p < 0.05). These findings highlight the potential of TKD-functionalized magnetic cellulose microspheres as a sensitive platform for tumor cell detection and isolation.

Keywords: cellulose microspheres; magnetite nanoparticles; heat shock proteins; membrane-bound Hsp70; TKD-functionalized ferrocellulose; glioma cells

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MDPI and ACS Style

Dmitrieva, A.; Ryzhov, V.; Marchenko, Y.; Deriglazov, V.; Nikolaev, B.; Yakovleva, L.; Smirnov, O.; Matveev, V.; Yudintceva, N.; Spitsyna, A.; et al. Cellulose-Encapsulated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Spiking of Tumor Cells Positive for the Membrane-Bound Hsp70. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27, 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010150

AMA Style

Dmitrieva A, Ryzhov V, Marchenko Y, Deriglazov V, Nikolaev B, Yakovleva L, Smirnov O, Matveev V, Yudintceva N, Spitsyna A, et al. Cellulose-Encapsulated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Spiking of Tumor Cells Positive for the Membrane-Bound Hsp70. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026; 27(1):150. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010150

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dmitrieva, Anastasia, Vyacheslav Ryzhov, Yaroslav Marchenko, Vladimir Deriglazov, Boris Nikolaev, Lyudmila Yakovleva, Oleg Smirnov, Vasiliy Matveev, Natalia Yudintceva, Anastasiia Spitsyna, and et al. 2026. "Cellulose-Encapsulated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Spiking of Tumor Cells Positive for the Membrane-Bound Hsp70" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 27, no. 1: 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010150

APA Style

Dmitrieva, A., Ryzhov, V., Marchenko, Y., Deriglazov, V., Nikolaev, B., Yakovleva, L., Smirnov, O., Matveev, V., Yudintceva, N., Spitsyna, A., Varfolomeeva, E., Combs, S. E., Konevega, A. L., & Shevtsov, M. (2026). Cellulose-Encapsulated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Spiking of Tumor Cells Positive for the Membrane-Bound Hsp70. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 27(1), 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010150

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Cellulose-Encapsulated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Spiking of Tumor Cells Positive for the Membrane-Bound Hsp70

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