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Article

Differential Regulation of miRNA and Protein Profiles in Human Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles via Continuous Aerobic and High-Intensity Interval Training

by
Zhenghao Wang
1,2,†,
Yiran Ou
1,†,
Xinyue Zhu
1,
Ye Zhou
1,
Xiaowei Zheng
1,3,
Meixia Zhang
4,
Sheyu Li
1,
Shao-Nian Yang
2,
Lisa Juntti-Berggren
2,
Per-Olof Berggren
1,2,‡ and
Xiaofeng Zheng
1,*,‡
1
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Center for Islet Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
2
The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
3
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
4
Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
‡
These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(3), 1383; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26031383
Submission received: 17 December 2024 / Revised: 25 January 2025 / Accepted: 31 January 2025 / Published: 6 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Insights into the Role of Exercise in Disease and Health)
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Abstract

Both continuous aerobic training (CAT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are recommended to promote health and prevent diseases. Exercise-induced circulating extracellular vesicles (EX-EVs) have been suggested to play essential roles in mediating organ crosstalk, but corresponding molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To assess and compare the systemic effects of CAT and HIIT, five healthy male volunteers were assigned to HIIT and CAT, with a 7-day interval between sessions. Plasma EVs were collected at rest or immediately after each training section, prior to proteomics and miRNA profile analysis. We found that the differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in EX-EVs were largely involved in the regulation of transcriptional factors, while most of the DE proteins in EX-EVs were identified as non-secreted proteins. Both CAT and HIIT play common roles in neuronal signal transduction, autophagy, and cell fate regulation. Specifically, CAT showed distinct roles in cognitive function and substrate metabolism, while HIIT was more associated with organ growth, cardiac muscle function, and insulin signaling pathways. Interestingly, the miR-379 cluster within EX-EVs was specifically regulated by HIIT, involving several biological functions, including neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction. Furthermore, EX-EVs likely originate from various tissues, including metabolic tissues, the immune system, and the nervous system. Our study provides molecular insights into the effects of CAT and HIIT, shedding light on the roles of EX-EVs in mediating organ crosstalk and health promotion.
Keywords: exercise; extracellular vesicles; multi-omic approaches; organ crosstalk exercise; extracellular vesicles; multi-omic approaches; organ crosstalk

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, Z.; Ou, Y.; Zhu, X.; Zhou, Y.; Zheng, X.; Zhang, M.; Li, S.; Yang, S.-N.; Juntti-Berggren, L.; Berggren, P.-O.; et al. Differential Regulation of miRNA and Protein Profiles in Human Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles via Continuous Aerobic and High-Intensity Interval Training. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 1383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26031383

AMA Style

Wang Z, Ou Y, Zhu X, Zhou Y, Zheng X, Zhang M, Li S, Yang S-N, Juntti-Berggren L, Berggren P-O, et al. Differential Regulation of miRNA and Protein Profiles in Human Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles via Continuous Aerobic and High-Intensity Interval Training. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(3):1383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26031383

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Zhenghao, Yiran Ou, Xinyue Zhu, Ye Zhou, Xiaowei Zheng, Meixia Zhang, Sheyu Li, Shao-Nian Yang, Lisa Juntti-Berggren, Per-Olof Berggren, and et al. 2025. "Differential Regulation of miRNA and Protein Profiles in Human Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles via Continuous Aerobic and High-Intensity Interval Training" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 3: 1383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26031383

APA Style

Wang, Z., Ou, Y., Zhu, X., Zhou, Y., Zheng, X., Zhang, M., Li, S., Yang, S.-N., Juntti-Berggren, L., Berggren, P.-O., & Zheng, X. (2025). Differential Regulation of miRNA and Protein Profiles in Human Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles via Continuous Aerobic and High-Intensity Interval Training. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(3), 1383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26031383

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