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Volume 26
Issue 23
10.3390/ijms262311655
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Elevated Cardiac Troponin in Non-Cardiac Conditions Unrelated to Acute Myocardial Infarction

by
Lidija Savic
1,2,*,
Sanja Stankovic
3,4,
Nebojsa Antonijevic
1,2,
Dragan Matic
1,2,
Ratko Lasica
1,2,
Gordana Krljanac
1,2 and
Milika Asanin
1,2
1
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
2
Cardiology Intensive Care Unit & Cardiology Clinic, Emergency Hospital, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
3
Center for Medical Biochemistry, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
4
Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(23), 11655; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311655 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 4 November 2025 / Revised: 26 November 2025 / Accepted: 30 November 2025 / Published: 1 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Cardiac troponins (cTn) T and I are biochemical markers of myocardial injury. In this review article, we aim to summarize the mechanisms and significance of cardiac troponin (cTn) elevation unrelated to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the most frequently occurring non-cardiac conditions, where the accurate interpretation of elevated cTn levels is often challenging. Different mechanisms in non-cardiac conditions can cause non-ischemic myocardial injury. Understanding the pathophysiology of cTn release is an essential precondition for minimizing unnecessary, costly, and potentially risky (cardiac) interventions and for providing timely and appropriate medical care. Elevated cTn in critically ill patients and in patients with chronic disease/conditions is an independent predictor (risk factor) of cardiovascular and overall mortality. Treatment of underlying conditions is of primary importance, and close monitoring for the occurrence of cardiovascular complications during hospitalizations should be considered in these patients. Also, when the patient recovers from the underlying disease, clinical judgement should be employed to decide whether and to what extent further cardiological evaluation is indicated.
Keywords: cardiac troponin; non-cardiac conditions; prognosis cardiac troponin; non-cardiac conditions; prognosis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Savic, L.; Stankovic, S.; Antonijevic, N.; Matic, D.; Lasica, R.; Krljanac, G.; Asanin, M. Elevated Cardiac Troponin in Non-Cardiac Conditions Unrelated to Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 11655. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311655

AMA Style

Savic L, Stankovic S, Antonijevic N, Matic D, Lasica R, Krljanac G, Asanin M. Elevated Cardiac Troponin in Non-Cardiac Conditions Unrelated to Acute Myocardial Infarction. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(23):11655. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311655

Chicago/Turabian Style

Savic, Lidija, Sanja Stankovic, Nebojsa Antonijevic, Dragan Matic, Ratko Lasica, Gordana Krljanac, and Milika Asanin. 2025. "Elevated Cardiac Troponin in Non-Cardiac Conditions Unrelated to Acute Myocardial Infarction" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 23: 11655. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311655

APA Style

Savic, L., Stankovic, S., Antonijevic, N., Matic, D., Lasica, R., Krljanac, G., & Asanin, M. (2025). Elevated Cardiac Troponin in Non-Cardiac Conditions Unrelated to Acute Myocardial Infarction. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(23), 11655. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311655

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