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Volume 26
Issue 21
10.3390/ijms262110798
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Epigallocatechin Gallate as a Molecular Therapeutic in Heart Failure and Cardio-Oncology: Mechanistic Pathways and Translational Perspectives

by
Faika Ajaz
†,
Jewel Haddad
†,
Bintul Huda
,
Maryam Yousuf
,
Rajashree Patnaik
,
Farida Bhurka
* and
Yajnavalka Banerjee
*
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Razi St, Umm Hurair 2, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(21), 10798; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262110798
Submission received: 18 September 2025 / Revised: 18 October 2025 / Accepted: 21 October 2025 / Published: 6 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The global burden of heart failure (HF) continues to escalate, with a lifetime risk approaching one in four adults in the United States. Concurrently, advances in cancer therapeutics have created a burgeoning population of long-term survivors, who now face the significant morbidity and mortality of chemotherapy-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review addresses the critical overlap of these two pathologies, which share fundamental drivers such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most abundant and biologically active polyphenol in green tea, has demonstrated pleiotropic bioactivity in preclinical models, encompassing potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. The central aim of this review is to provide a critical and comprehensive synthesis of the evidence supporting EGCG’s dual protective role. This review dissects its molecular mechanisms in modulating key pathways in HF and cardio-oncology, evaluates its translational potential, and importantly, delineates the significant gaps that must be addressed for its clinical application. This analysis uniquely positions EGCG not merely as a nutraceutical, but as a multi-target molecular therapeutic capable of simultaneously addressing the convergent pathological cascades of heart failure and cancer-related cardiotoxicity. The synthesis of preclinical evidence with a critical analysis of its translational barriers offers a novel perspective and a strategic roadmap for future research.
Keywords: epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG); catechins; green tea (Camellia sinensis); heart failure (HF); cardiomyopathy; myocardial infarction (MI); chemotherapy-induced cardiovascular disease; oxidative stress; Nrf2–Keap1 pathway; inflammation; fibrosis; mitochondrial dysfunction; apoptosis; autophagy; cardiac arrhythmia epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG); catechins; green tea (Camellia sinensis); heart failure (HF); cardiomyopathy; myocardial infarction (MI); chemotherapy-induced cardiovascular disease; oxidative stress; Nrf2–Keap1 pathway; inflammation; fibrosis; mitochondrial dysfunction; apoptosis; autophagy; cardiac arrhythmia

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Ajaz, F.; Haddad, J.; Huda, B.; Yousuf, M.; Patnaik, R.; Bhurka, F.; Banerjee, Y. Epigallocatechin Gallate as a Molecular Therapeutic in Heart Failure and Cardio-Oncology: Mechanistic Pathways and Translational Perspectives. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 10798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262110798

AMA Style

Ajaz F, Haddad J, Huda B, Yousuf M, Patnaik R, Bhurka F, Banerjee Y. Epigallocatechin Gallate as a Molecular Therapeutic in Heart Failure and Cardio-Oncology: Mechanistic Pathways and Translational Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(21):10798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262110798

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ajaz, Faika, Jewel Haddad, Bintul Huda, Maryam Yousuf, Rajashree Patnaik, Farida Bhurka, and Yajnavalka Banerjee. 2025. "Epigallocatechin Gallate as a Molecular Therapeutic in Heart Failure and Cardio-Oncology: Mechanistic Pathways and Translational Perspectives" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 21: 10798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262110798

APA Style

Ajaz, F., Haddad, J., Huda, B., Yousuf, M., Patnaik, R., Bhurka, F., & Banerjee, Y. (2025). Epigallocatechin Gallate as a Molecular Therapeutic in Heart Failure and Cardio-Oncology: Mechanistic Pathways and Translational Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(21), 10798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262110798

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