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Article

Identification and Functional Analysis of a Key Gene in the CHH Gene Family for Glucose Metabolism in the Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

by
Chengyi Zhang
1,2,
Xiaojun Zhang
1,2,3,4,*,
Shuqing Si
1,2,
Mingzhe Sun
1,2,
Aixin Li
1,2,
Jianbo Yuan
1,2,3,4 and
Fuhua Li
1,2,3,4
1
CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
2
College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3
Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture (CAS), Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
4
Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266071, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(10), 4612; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104612
Submission received: 1 April 2025 / Revised: 4 May 2025 / Accepted: 9 May 2025 / Published: 12 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Molecular Perspectives in Crustacean Neuroendocrinology)
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Abstract

The crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) is a unique multifunctional neuroendocrine hormone superfamily in crustaceans, crucial for maintaining physiological homeostasis and stress adaptation. To explore the role of CHHs in shrimp metabolism and growth, we identified LvCHH Ia, a CHH family member who regulates glucose metabolism in the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), through CHH family gene classification, phylogenetic analysis, gene structure analysis, and transcription factor binding site (TFBS) prediction. Subsequently, we cloned two alternative splicing variants of this gene, LvCHH Ia-1 and LvCHH Ia-2, both expressed in the nervous system but with different expression levels, and LvCHH Ia-2 exhibiting a broader tissue distribution. Using interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing and recombinant protein injection, we investigated the functional similarities and differences between the two variants. Our results show that both variants affect glucose metabolism by modulating the expression of key enzyme genes involved in gluconeogenesis/glycolysis, such as HK, TPI, PCK1, ALD. Specifically, they likely regulate hemolymph glucose levels via the Wnt and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways, with LvCHH Ia-1 exerting a more sustained effect on glucose metabolism compared to LvCHH Ia-2. Furthermore, LvCHH Ia may also act as a molting inhibitory hormone by suppressing the expression of ecdysone synthesis-related genes, where LvCHH Ia-2 plays a more significant role. These findings deepen our understanding of CHH regulatory mechanisms in crustaceans and provide potential applications for shrimp physiological research and aquaculture.
Keywords: crustacean hyperglycemic hormone; glucose metabolism; alternate splicing variants; growth; molting crustacean hyperglycemic hormone; glucose metabolism; alternate splicing variants; growth; molting

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, C.; Zhang, X.; Si, S.; Sun, M.; Li, A.; Yuan, J.; Li, F. Identification and Functional Analysis of a Key Gene in the CHH Gene Family for Glucose Metabolism in the Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 4612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104612

AMA Style

Zhang C, Zhang X, Si S, Sun M, Li A, Yuan J, Li F. Identification and Functional Analysis of a Key Gene in the CHH Gene Family for Glucose Metabolism in the Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(10):4612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104612

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Chengyi, Xiaojun Zhang, Shuqing Si, Mingzhe Sun, Aixin Li, Jianbo Yuan, and Fuhua Li. 2025. "Identification and Functional Analysis of a Key Gene in the CHH Gene Family for Glucose Metabolism in the Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 10: 4612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104612

APA Style

Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Si, S., Sun, M., Li, A., Yuan, J., & Li, F. (2025). Identification and Functional Analysis of a Key Gene in the CHH Gene Family for Glucose Metabolism in the Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(10), 4612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104612

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