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Review

Metabolic Crossroads: Unveiling the Complex Interactions between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Metabolic Syndrome

by
Aisling Heffernan
1,†,
Darko Duplancic
2,†,
Marko Kumric
1,3,
Tina Ticinovic Kurir
1,4 and
Josko Bozic
1,2,*
1
Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
2
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
3
Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
4
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3243; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063243
Submission received: 5 February 2024 / Revised: 7 March 2024 / Accepted: 8 March 2024 / Published: 13 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome)
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Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are inextricably connected. Considering the increasing burden of MetS and OSA, in the present review, we aimed to collate and summarise the potential pathophysiological mechanisms linking these pathologies. In short, obesity appears to promote OSA development via multiple pathways, some of which are not directly related to mass but rather to metabolic complications of obesity. Simultaneously, OSA promotes weight gain through central mechanisms. On the other hand, diabetes mellitus contributes to OSA pathophysiology mainly through effects on peripheral nerves and carotid body desensitization, while intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation are the principal culprits in OSA-mediated diabetes. Apart from a bidirectional pathophysiological relationship, obesity and diabetes mellitus together additively increase cardiovascular risk in OSA patients. Additionally, the emergence of new drugs targeting obesity and unequivocal results of the available studies underscore the need for further exploration of the mechanisms linking MetS and OSA, all with the aim of improving outcomes in these patients.
Keywords: obstructive sleep apnoea; metabolic syndrome; diabetes mellitus; obesity; leptin obstructive sleep apnoea; metabolic syndrome; diabetes mellitus; obesity; leptin

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MDPI and ACS Style

Heffernan, A.; Duplancic, D.; Kumric, M.; Ticinovic Kurir, T.; Bozic, J. Metabolic Crossroads: Unveiling the Complex Interactions between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Metabolic Syndrome. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 3243. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063243

AMA Style

Heffernan A, Duplancic D, Kumric M, Ticinovic Kurir T, Bozic J. Metabolic Crossroads: Unveiling the Complex Interactions between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Metabolic Syndrome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(6):3243. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063243

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heffernan, Aisling, Darko Duplancic, Marko Kumric, Tina Ticinovic Kurir, and Josko Bozic. 2024. "Metabolic Crossroads: Unveiling the Complex Interactions between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Metabolic Syndrome" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 6: 3243. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063243

APA Style

Heffernan, A., Duplancic, D., Kumric, M., Ticinovic Kurir, T., & Bozic, J. (2024). Metabolic Crossroads: Unveiling the Complex Interactions between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Metabolic Syndrome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(6), 3243. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063243

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