Next Article in Journal
Green Synthesis of Uncoated and Olive Leaf Extract-Coated Silver Nanoparticles: Sunlight Photocatalytic, Antiparasitic, and Antifungal Activities
Previous Article in Journal
Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products as Potential Therapeutic Strategy against COVID-19 and Immune-Related Disorders
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
IJMS
Volume 25
Issue 6
10.3390/ijms25063080
ijms-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Review

Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments

by
Muttiah Barathan
1,2,
Sook-Luan Ng
3,*,
Yogeswaran Lokanathan
2,
Min Hwei Ng
2 and
Jia Xian Law
2,*
1
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
2
Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
3
Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3080; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063080
Submission received: 17 January 2024 / Revised: 15 February 2024 / Accepted: 22 February 2024 / Published: 7 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Bioactives and Nutraceuticals)
Browse Figures
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

This paper sheds light on the alarming issue of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in aquatic environments, exploring its detrimental effects on ecosystems and public health. It examines the multifaceted role of antibiotic use in aquaculture, agricultural runoff, and industrial waste in fostering the development and dissemination of resistant bacteria. The intricate interplay between various environmental factors, horizontal gene transfer, and bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) in accelerating the spread of ABR is comprehensively discussed. Various BEVs carrying resistance genes like blaCTX-M, tetA, floR, and sul/I, as well as their contribution to the dominance of multidrug-resistant bacteria, are highlighted. The potential of BEVs as both a threat and a tool in combating ABR is explored, with promising strategies like targeted antimicrobial delivery systems and probiotic-derived EVs holding significant promise. This paper underscores the urgency of understanding the intricate interplay between BEVs and ABR in aquatic environments. By unraveling these unseen weapons, we pave the way for developing effective strategies to mitigate the spread of ABR, advocating for a multidisciplinary approach that includes stringent regulations, enhanced wastewater treatment, and the adoption of sustainable practices in aquaculture.
Keywords: antibiotic resistance (ABR); aquatic; bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs); microbial ecology; resistance genes antibiotic resistance (ABR); aquatic; bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs); microbial ecology; resistance genes

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Barathan, M.; Ng, S.-L.; Lokanathan, Y.; Ng, M.H.; Law, J.X. Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 3080. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063080

AMA Style

Barathan M, Ng S-L, Lokanathan Y, Ng MH, Law JX. Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(6):3080. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063080

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barathan, Muttiah, Sook-Luan Ng, Yogeswaran Lokanathan, Min Hwei Ng, and Jia Xian Law. 2024. "Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 6: 3080. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063080

APA Style

Barathan, M., Ng, S.-L., Lokanathan, Y., Ng, M. H., & Law, J. X. (2024). Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(6), 3080. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063080

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop