Therapeutic Effectiveness of Interferon-α2b against COVID-19 with Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The Ukrainian Experience
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design and Data Collection
4.2. Clinical Characteristics of the Patients
4.3. Randomization, IFN-α Treatment and Outcomes
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
- Adding IFN-α2b to the standard therapy for patients with severe COVID-19 reduces the length of the hospital stay by 3 days (p < 0.001).
- Treatment with IFN-α2b reduces the level of CT-diagnosed lung injuries from 35% to 15% (p = 0.011) at the time of discharge and, compared with the group of patients who did not receive IFN-α2b, the percentage of CT injuries decreases at the end of the hospital stay from 50 to 15% (p = 0.017).
- In the group of patients receiving IFN-α2b, the SpO2 index before and after treatment increased from 94 (92–96, Q1–Q3) to 96 (96–98, Q1–Q3) (p < 0.001), while the percentage of patients with normal saturation increased (from 33.9% to 74.6, p < 0.05), but the level of SpO2 decreased in the low (from 52.5% to 16.9%) and very low (from 13.6% to 8.5%) categories.
- Considering the contradictory results obtained regarding the strength of the response to type I IFNs in patients with severe COVID-19, more accurate information is required for the appropriate therapeutic use of type I IFNs.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Quantitative Variables | M ± SD/Me | 95% CI/Q1–Q3 | n | min | max |
Age, M ± SD | 54 ± 14 | 52–56 | 130 | 19 | 84 |
Days in hospital, Me | 14 | 12–17 | 117 | 7 | 51 |
Initial CT% injuries, Me | 35 | 25–45 | 83 | 5 | 91 |
Final CT% injuries, Me | 15 | 9–36 | 28 | 1 | 75 |
Initial SpO2, Me | 95 | 93–97 | 116 | 81 | 99 |
Final SpO2, Me | 96 | 95–98 | 108 | 78 | 99 |
Categorical Variables | Categories | Abs. | % | ||
Sex | women | 68 | 52.3 | ||
men | 62 | 47.7 | |||
IFN-α2b treatment | IFN non-treated | 49 | 37.7 | ||
IFN treated | 81 | 62.3 | |||
Initial SpO2 | normal | 48 | 41.4 | ||
low | 56 | 48.3 | |||
very low | 12 | 10.3 | |||
Final SpO2 | normal | 78 | 72.2 | ||
low | 20 | 18.5 | |||
very low | 10 | 9.3 |
IFN Treatment | Follow-Up Periods | p Initial vs. Final | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
%CT Injuries 1 (Initial) | %CT Injuries 2 (Final) | ||||
Me | Q1–Q3 | Me | Q1–Q3 | ||
IFN-α2b non-treated | 25 (n = 7) | 22–30 | 50 (n = 7) | 35–60 | 0.078 |
IFN-α2b treated | 35 (n = 21) | 25–45 | 15 (n = 21) | 5–35 | 0.011 * |
p non-treated vs. treated | 0.197 | 0.017 * | – |
IFN-α2b Treatment | Variables | Follow-Up Periods | p Initial vs. Final | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial SpO2 | Final SpO2 | |||||
Abs. | % | Abs. | % | |||
IFN-α2b non-treated | normal | 23 | 46.9 | 34 | 69.4 | 0.193 |
low | 24 | 49.0 | 10 | 20.4 | ||
very low | 2 | 4.1 | 5 | 10.2 | ||
IFN-α2b treated | normal | 20 | 33.9 | 44 | 74.6 | <0.001 * |
low | 31 | 52.5 | 10 | 16.9 | ||
very low | 8 | 13.6 | 5 | 8.5 | ||
p non-treated vs. treated | 0.149 | 0.836 | – |
Variables | Correlation Characteristics | ||
---|---|---|---|
ρ | Strength of the Association Assessed Using the Chaddock Scale | p | |
%CT injuries—Age | 0.407 | Moderate | 0.032 * |
%CT injuries—Days in hospital | 0.756 | Strong | <0.001 * |
2SpO2—Days in hospital | −0.544 | Close | <0.001 * |
%CT injuries—2SpO2 | −0.835 | Strong | <0.001 * |
2SpO2—Age | −0.402 | Moderate | <0.001 * |
Predictors | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
COR; 95% CI | p | AOR; 95% CI | p | |
Sex: men | 1.000; 0.177–5.635 | 1.000 | 1.208; 0.054–26.924 | 0.905 |
Age | 0.993; 0.929–1.061 | 0.827 | 1.006; 0.889–1.139 | 0.923 |
Days in hospital | 0.934; 0.870–1.002 | 0.057 | 0.782; 0.534–1.145 | 0.205 |
% CT injuries | 0.950; 0.908–0.992 | 0.022 * | 0.828; 0.687–0.998 | 0.047 * |
2SpO2 | 1.083; 0.946–1.241 | 0.251 | 0.381; 0.132–1.100 | 0.074 |
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Kamyshnyi, A.; Koval, H.; Kobevko, O.; Buchynskyi, M.; Oksenych, V.; Kainov, D.; Lyubomirskaya, K.; Kamyshna, I.; Potters, G.; Moshynets, O. Therapeutic Effectiveness of Interferon-α2b against COVID-19 with Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The Ukrainian Experience. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 6887. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086887
Kamyshnyi A, Koval H, Kobevko O, Buchynskyi M, Oksenych V, Kainov D, Lyubomirskaya K, Kamyshna I, Potters G, Moshynets O. Therapeutic Effectiveness of Interferon-α2b against COVID-19 with Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The Ukrainian Experience. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(8):6887. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086887
Chicago/Turabian StyleKamyshnyi, Aleksandr, Halyna Koval, Olha Kobevko, Mykhailo Buchynskyi, Valentyn Oksenych, Denis Kainov, Katerina Lyubomirskaya, Iryna Kamyshna, Geert Potters, and Olena Moshynets. 2023. "Therapeutic Effectiveness of Interferon-α2b against COVID-19 with Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The Ukrainian Experience" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8: 6887. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086887