An Acidic Heteropolysaccharide Isolated from Pueraria lobata and Its Bioactivities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Results
2.1.1. Isolation and Colourimetric Analysis of PPL-1
2.1.2. Average Mw and FTIR Spectrum of PPL-1
2.1.3. Monosaccharide Composition Analysis of PPL-1
2.1.4. Glycosidic Linkages of PPL-1
2.1.5. NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Analysis of PPL-1
2.1.6. Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activity of PPL-1
2.2. Discussion
2.3. Conclusions
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Reagents
3.2. Preparation of the Polysaccharides
3.3. Colourimetric Analyses
3.4. Determination of Average Mw
3.5. Infrared (IR) Spectrum Analysis
3.6. Monosaccharide Composition
3.7. Glycosidic Linkages
3.8. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Analysis
3.9. DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of PPL-1
3.10. Culture of RAW 264.7 Cells
3.10.1. Effects of PPL-1 on RAW 264.7 Cell Viability via MTT Assay
3.10.2. Effects of PPL-1 on the Production of NO in RAW 264.7 Cells
3.11. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Monosaccharide | Arabinose | Glucose | Galactose | Galacturonic Acid |
---|---|---|---|---|
Retention time (min) | 8.9 | 8.1 | 8.6 | 6.8 |
Molar ratio (%) | 8 | 63 | 8 | 21 |
Monosaccharide | Type of Linkage | Sugar Derivatives | Retention Time | Molar (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arabinose | (1→2)-Araf | 1,2,4-tri-O-acetyl-3,5-tri-O-methyl arabinitol | 9.3 | 5.42 |
Glucose | (1→4)-Glcp | 1,4,5-tri-O-acetyl-2,3,6-tri-O-methyl glucitol | 14.4 | 50.11 |
(1→)-Glcp | 1,5-tri-O-acetyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl glucitol | 9.46 | 7.35 | |
(1→6)-Glcp | 1,5,6-tri-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-methyl glucitol | 16.11 | 5.12 | |
Galactose | (1→3,6)-Galp | 1,3,5,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2,4-tri-O-methyl galactitol | 19.61 | 11.21 |
Galacturonic Acid | (1→4)-GalpA | 1,4,5-tri-O-acetyl-2,3,6-tri-O-methyl galactitol | 14.7 | 13.13 |
(1→)-GalpA | 1,5-tri-O-acetyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl galactitol | 10.48 | 7.65 |
Monosaccharide | Molar Ratio | Type of Linkage | H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | C3 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | |||
Arabinose | 1 | (1→2)-linked α-Araf | 5.1 | 3.55 | 3.85 | 3.97 | 4.07 | |
(A) | 107.41 | 71.45 | 74.73 | 69.57 | 60.72 | |||
Glucose | 13 | (1→4)-linked α-Glcp | 5.8 | 3.91 | 4.64 | 3.25 | 3.5 | 3.39 |
(B) | 106.84 | 68.78 | 78.88 | 70.14 | 73.09 | 70.83 | ||
2 | (1→)-linked β-Glcp | 4.5 | 3.25 | 4.52 | 3.23 | 3.44 | 3.78 | |
(C) | 102.96 | 74.11 | 78.36 | 70.5 | 73.09 | 68.07 | ||
1 | (1→6)-linked α-Glcp | 4.93 | 4.4 | 3.27 | 3.47 | 3.71 | 3.77 | |
(D) | 99.86 | 70.43 | 77.84 | 75.92 | 70.59 | 72.25 | ||
Galactose | 2 | (1→3,6)-linked α-Galp | 5.23 | 3.46 | 4.97 | 4.54 | 3.27 | 3.37 |
(E) | 95.88 | 76.5 | 98.57 | 77.72 | 67.61 | 67.61 | ||
Galacturonic Acid | 3 | (1→4)-linked β-GalpA | 4.65 | 3.42 | 3.7 | 3.83 | 4.14 | |
(F) | 95.75 | 73.09 | 72.73 | 71.42 | 75.73 | 170.93 | ||
3 | (1→)-linked α-GalpA | 5.24 | 4.6 | 3.89 | 4.04 | 3.76 | ||
(G) | 91.96 | 79.02 | 68.64 | 74.53 | 70.59 | 175.41 |
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Zhao, S.; Xue, H.; Tao, Y.; Chen, K.; Li, X.; Wang, M. An Acidic Heteropolysaccharide Isolated from Pueraria lobata and Its Bioactivities. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 6247. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076247
Zhao S, Xue H, Tao Y, Chen K, Li X, Wang M. An Acidic Heteropolysaccharide Isolated from Pueraria lobata and Its Bioactivities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(7):6247. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076247
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Shifan, Hualei Xue, Yijiong Tao, Kai Chen, Xiao Li, and Mi Wang. 2023. "An Acidic Heteropolysaccharide Isolated from Pueraria lobata and Its Bioactivities" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 7: 6247. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076247