Using the Colloidal Method to Prepare Au Catalysts for the Alkylation of Aniline by Benzyl Alcohol
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Catalyst Preparation
2.2. Catalyst Activity
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. General
3.2. Preparation of Catalysts
3.3. Catalyst Screening
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Entry | Catalyst | Au Loading [a]/wt% | Av. Part. Size [b]/nm | Surface Area [c]/m2g−1 | Carbon/wt% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Au/TiO2 | 0.9 | 2.9 | 55 (±0.20) | <0.1 |
2 | Au/γ-Al2O3 | 0.6 | 2.6 | 141 (±0.20) | <0.1 |
3 | Au/α-Al2O3 | 0.3 | 6.5 | 13 (±0.01) | <0.1 |
4 | Au/C | 0.9 | 3.4 | 689 (±7.00) | n.d. |
5 | Au/HFeO2 | 1.0 | 3.7 | 16 (±0.03) | 0.4 |
6 | Au/CeO2 | 0.8 | n.d.[d] | 242 (±1.25) | 0.5 |
7 | Au/SiO2 | 0.0 | - | - | n.d. |
Entry | Catalyst | Thermal Treatment | %Conversion 1 | TOF 2/h−1 | Selectivity 3:4:5:6 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.9% Au/TiO2 | ‘as-prepared’ | 80 | 172 | 96:3:0:1 |
2 | 0.6% Au/γ-Al2O3 | ‘as-prepared’ | 84 | 181 | 95:4:1:1 |
3 | 0.3% Au/α-Al2O3 | ‘as-prepared’ | 6 | 13 | 24:0:1:1 4 |
4 | 0.9% Au/C | ‘as-prepared’ | 1 | 2 | 8:64:1:1 4 |
5 | 1% Au/HFeO2 | ‘as-prepared’ | 41 3 | 88 | 79:16:2:3 |
6 | 0.8% Au/CeO2 | ‘as-prepared’ | 42 3 | 90 | 96:2:2:0 |
7 | 0.9% Au/TiO2 | 5% H2-N2, 200 °C | 66 | 142 | 95:3:0:1 |
8 | 1% Au/HFeO2 | 5% H2-N2, 200 °C | 54 | 116 | 81:12:0:6 |
9 | 0.8% Au/CeO2 | 5% H2-N2, 200 °C | 28 | 60 | 82:13:1:4 |
Catalyst | Binding Energy [a] (μV K−1) | Selectivity of Amine/% |
---|---|---|
Au/C (COL) | 0 | 8 |
Au/α-Al2O3 (COL) | 928 | 74 |
Au/HFeO2 (COL) | 4108 | 79 |
Au/CeO2 (COL) | 11,231 | 96 |
Au/γ-Al2O3 (COL) | 29,610 | 95 |
Au/TiO2 (COL) | 36,136 | 96 |
Entry | Catalyst | ‘as-prepared’/nm | Recovered/nm | Change/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.9% Au/TiO2 | 2.9 | 3.4 | +17 |
2 | 0.6% Au/γ-Al2O3 | 2.6 | 3.2 | +23 |
3 | 0.3% Au/α-Al2O3 | 6.5 | 8.4 | +29 |
4 | 0.9% Au/C | 3.4 | 8.7 | +155 |
5 | 1% Au/HFeO2 | 3.7 | 4.3 | +16 |
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Hare, L.V.; Parveen, F.; Cookson, J.; Ellis, P.R.; Hellgardt, K.; Hii, K.K. Using the Colloidal Method to Prepare Au Catalysts for the Alkylation of Aniline by Benzyl Alcohol. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 14779. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914779
Hare LV, Parveen F, Cookson J, Ellis PR, Hellgardt K, Hii KK. Using the Colloidal Method to Prepare Au Catalysts for the Alkylation of Aniline by Benzyl Alcohol. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(19):14779. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914779
Chicago/Turabian StyleHare, Luka V., Firdaus Parveen, James Cookson, Peter R. Ellis, Klaus Hellgardt, and King Kuok (Mimi) Hii. 2023. "Using the Colloidal Method to Prepare Au Catalysts for the Alkylation of Aniline by Benzyl Alcohol" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19: 14779. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914779