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Article

Synthetic Opals or Versatile Nanotools—A One-Step Synthesis of Uniform Spherical Silica Particles

by
Magdalena Laskowska
1,
Agnieszka Karczmarska
1,
Mateusz Schabikowski
1,
Michał Adamek
1,
Alexey Maximenko
2,
Katarzyna Pawlik
3,
Oliwia Kowalska
4,
Zbigniew Olejniczak
1 and
Łukasz Laskowski
1,*
1
Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
2
SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, 30-392 Krakow, Poland
3
Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
4
Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 13693; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813693
Submission received: 20 July 2023 / Revised: 25 August 2023 / Accepted: 1 September 2023 / Published: 5 September 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Nanoscience)
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Abstract

Synthetic opals, a composition of homogeneous silica spheres in the mesoscale size range, have attracted the attention of scientists due to their favorable chemical and physical properties. Their chemical inertness and stability, biocompatibility, homogeneity, elevated specific surface area, and ease of functionalization of their surfaces make them a versatile nanotool. In the present study, the Stöber process was used to investigate the effect of parameters, such as reagent concentration and synthesis temperature, on the resulting silica particle size and structure. The optimal conditions for successfully obtaining homogeneous particles in the mesoscale range with high reproducibility were investigated. Several synthesis procedures and their dependence on the reaction temperature were presented to allow the selection of the assumed diameter of silica spheres. The numerous samples obtained were examined for size, homogeneity, structure, and specific surface area. On the basis of specific surface area measurements and nuclear magnetic resonance studies, the internal hierarchical structure of the spherical silica was confirmed as consisting of a solid core and layers of secondary spheres covered by a solid shell. Structural studies (X-ray Spectroscopy, X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure, and nuclear magnetic resonance), together with infrared vibrational spectroscopy, showed no dependence of the structure of the obtained mesospheres on the concentration of reagents and the size of the obtained particles.
Keywords: artificial opals; nanoparticles; mesoparticles; silica; Stöber method artificial opals; nanoparticles; mesoparticles; silica; Stöber method

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MDPI and ACS Style

Laskowska, M.; Karczmarska, A.; Schabikowski, M.; Adamek, M.; Maximenko, A.; Pawlik, K.; Kowalska, O.; Olejniczak, Z.; Laskowski, Ł. Synthetic Opals or Versatile Nanotools—A One-Step Synthesis of Uniform Spherical Silica Particles. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 13693. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813693

AMA Style

Laskowska M, Karczmarska A, Schabikowski M, Adamek M, Maximenko A, Pawlik K, Kowalska O, Olejniczak Z, Laskowski Ł. Synthetic Opals or Versatile Nanotools—A One-Step Synthesis of Uniform Spherical Silica Particles. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(18):13693. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813693

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laskowska, Magdalena, Agnieszka Karczmarska, Mateusz Schabikowski, Michał Adamek, Alexey Maximenko, Katarzyna Pawlik, Oliwia Kowalska, Zbigniew Olejniczak, and Łukasz Laskowski. 2023. "Synthetic Opals or Versatile Nanotools—A One-Step Synthesis of Uniform Spherical Silica Particles" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 18: 13693. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813693

APA Style

Laskowska, M., Karczmarska, A., Schabikowski, M., Adamek, M., Maximenko, A., Pawlik, K., Kowalska, O., Olejniczak, Z., & Laskowski, Ł. (2023). Synthetic Opals or Versatile Nanotools—A One-Step Synthesis of Uniform Spherical Silica Particles. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(18), 13693. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813693

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