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Volume 24
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10.3390/ijms241612822
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Article

Chronic Stress That Changed Intestinal Permeability and Induced Inflammation Was Restored by Estrogen

by
Yuanyuan Li
1,
Huayun Wan
1,
Ruiqin Ma
1,
Tianya Liu
1,
Yaoxing Chen
1 and
Yulan Dong
1,2,*
1
Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2
Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(16), 12822; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612822
Submission received: 2 July 2023 / Revised: 5 August 2023 / Accepted: 11 August 2023 / Published: 15 August 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
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Abstract

Chronic psychological stress affects the health of humans and animals (especially females or pregnant bodies). In this study, a stress-induced model was established by placing eight-week-old female and pregnant mice in centrifuge tubes for 4 h to determine whether chronic stress affects the intestinal mucosal barrier and microbiota composition of pregnant mice. Compared with the control group, we found that norepinephrine (NE), corticosterone (CORT), and estradiol (E2) in plasma increased significantly in the stress group. We then observed a decreased down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which resulted in colonic mucosal injury, including a reduced number of goblet cells, proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells, caspase-3, and expression of tight junction mRNA and protein. Moreover, the diversity and richness of the colonic microbiota decreased in pregnant mice. Bacteroidetes decreased, and pernicious bacteria were markedly increased. At last, we found E2 protects the intestinal epithelial cells after H2O2 treatment. Results suggested that 25 pg/mL E2 provides better protection for intestinal barrier after chronic stress, which greatly affected the intestinal mucosal barrier and altered the colonic microbiota composition.
Keywords: chronic stress; pregnant mice; intestinal mucosal barrier; microbiota composition; E2 chronic stress; pregnant mice; intestinal mucosal barrier; microbiota composition; E2
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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, Y.; Wan, H.; Ma, R.; Liu, T.; Chen, Y.; Dong, Y. Chronic Stress That Changed Intestinal Permeability and Induced Inflammation Was Restored by Estrogen. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12822. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612822

AMA Style

Li Y, Wan H, Ma R, Liu T, Chen Y, Dong Y. Chronic Stress That Changed Intestinal Permeability and Induced Inflammation Was Restored by Estrogen. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(16):12822. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612822

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Yuanyuan, Huayun Wan, Ruiqin Ma, Tianya Liu, Yaoxing Chen, and Yulan Dong. 2023. "Chronic Stress That Changed Intestinal Permeability and Induced Inflammation Was Restored by Estrogen" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 16: 12822. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612822

APA Style

Li, Y., Wan, H., Ma, R., Liu, T., Chen, Y., & Dong, Y. (2023). Chronic Stress That Changed Intestinal Permeability and Induced Inflammation Was Restored by Estrogen. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(16), 12822. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612822

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