How Can We Improve Vaccination Response in Old People? Part I: Targeting Immunosenescence of Innate Immunity Cells
, Mattia Emanuela Ligotti 1,†, Maider Garnica 2, Giulia Accardi 1, Anna Calabrò 1, Fanny Pojero 1, Hugo Arasanz 2,3, Ana Bocanegra 2, Ester Blanco 2,4, Luisa Chocarro 2, Miriam Echaide 2, Leticia Fernandez-Rubio 2, Pablo Ramos 2, Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida 2,*, Grazyna Kochan 2, Nahid Zareian 5, Farzin Farzaneh 5,‡, David Escors 2,‡, Calogero Caruso 1,*,‡ and Giuseppina Candore 1,‡Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
The manuscript of Anna Aiello et al. is dedicated to discussing the possibilities of improving the reduced effectiveness of vaccination of the elderly. It is known that the main cause of decreased immune response to vaccination in the elderly is immunosenescence. The focus of this literature review is on analysis of the possibilities to reverse the immunosenescence in older people targeting innate immunity. This emphasis determines the novelty and originality of the submitted manuscript. Indeed, traditionally, immunosenescence is associated with the adaptive immune system, with populations of T- and B-lymphocytes, and not with the cells of the innate immune system. Contrary to the generally accepted concept, the authors of this review consider in detail the aging-related changes occurring in the populations of neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic and NK cells across a wide range of their characteristics. In a separate part of the review, the existing literature data on endogenous and exogenous factors that can exert an immunostimulating effect on the populations of cells of the innate immune system are presented. Based on the performed analysis, in the final part of the article a number of various factors that improve the functioning of innate immunity are proposed for use as adjuvants for vaccination of the elderly.
The significance of this review is beyond doubt, since the presented summary of literature data and their analysis give an objective integral picture of existing approaches and ideas on the indicated topic and highlight possible ways of practical use of the accumulated knowledge.
In general the review is well presented; the data are of considerable novelty and interest. I have no suggestion to improve the quality of the manuscript.
Author Response
We warmly thank the referee for appreciating our paper
Reviewer 2 Report
There are a quite few excellent reviews about the relationship of vaccine response and immunosenescence published already, but most of them focus on the whole immune system instead of focussing the innate immune responses to vaccination like this manuscript does.
This review is quite comprehensive summarising many findings which have been published and could be useful for scientists working in this field.
Author Response
We warmly thank the referee for appreciating our paper
