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Volume 23
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Article

Exogenously Applied Sodium Nitroprusside Mitigates Lead Toxicity in Rice by Regulating Antioxidants and Metal Stress-Related Transcripts

by
Waqas Rahim
1,†,
Murtaza Khan
2,†,
Tiba Nazar Ibrahim Al Azzawi
1,
Anjali Pande
1,
Nusrat Jahan Methela
1,
Sajid Ali
2,
Muhammad Imran
1,
Da-Sol Lee
1,
Geun-Mo Lee
1,
Bong-Gyu Mun
1,
Yong-Sun Moon
2,
In-Jung Lee
1 and
Byung-Wook Yun
1,*
1
Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
2
Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(17), 9729; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179729
Submission received: 16 August 2022 / Revised: 23 August 2022 / Accepted: 24 August 2022 / Published: 27 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular World Today and Tomorrow: Recent Trends in Biological Sciences)
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Abstract

Sustainable agriculture is increasingly being put in danger by environmental contamination with dangerous heavy metals (HMs), especially lead (Pb). Plants have developed a sophisticated mechanism for nitric oxide (NO) production and signaling to regulate hazardous effects of abiotic factors, including HMs. In the current study, we investigated the role of exogenously applied sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a nitric oxide (NO) donor) in ameliorating the toxic effects of lead (Pb) on rice. For this purpose, plants were subjected to 1.2 mM Pb alone and in combination with 100 µM SNP. We found that under 1.2 mM Pb stress conditions, the accumulation of oxidative stress markers, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (37%), superoxide anion (O2−) (28%), malondialdehyde (MDA) (33%), and electrolyte leakage (EL) (34%), was significantly reduced via the application of 100 µM SNP. On the other hand, under the said stress of Pb, the activity of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) (60%), peroxidase (POD) (28%), catalase (CAT) (26%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (42%), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (58%) was significantly increased via the application of 100 µM SNP. In addition, the application of 100 µM SNP rescued agronomic traits such as plant height (24%), number of tillers per plant (40%), and visible green pigments (44%) when the plants were exposed to 1.2 mM Pb stress. Furthermore, after exposure to 1.2 mM Pb stress, the expression of the heavy-metal stress-related genes OsPCS1 (44%), OsPCS2 (74%), OsMTP1 (83%), OsMTP5 (53%), OsMT-I-1a (31%), and OsMT-I-1b (24%) was significantly enhanced via the application of 100 µM SNP. Overall, our research evaluates that exogenously applied 100 mM SNP protects rice plants from the oxidative damage brought on by 1.2 mM Pb stress by lowering oxidative stress markers, enhancing the antioxidant system and the transcript accumulation of HMs stress-related genes.
Keywords: nitric oxide; antioxidants; metal-stress related transcripts; rice; Pb-stress nitric oxide; antioxidants; metal-stress related transcripts; rice; Pb-stress

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rahim, W.; Khan, M.; Al Azzawi, T.N.I.; Pande, A.; Methela, N.J.; Ali, S.; Imran, M.; Lee, D.-S.; Lee, G.-M.; Mun, B.-G.; et al. Exogenously Applied Sodium Nitroprusside Mitigates Lead Toxicity in Rice by Regulating Antioxidants and Metal Stress-Related Transcripts. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 9729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179729

AMA Style

Rahim W, Khan M, Al Azzawi TNI, Pande A, Methela NJ, Ali S, Imran M, Lee D-S, Lee G-M, Mun B-G, et al. Exogenously Applied Sodium Nitroprusside Mitigates Lead Toxicity in Rice by Regulating Antioxidants and Metal Stress-Related Transcripts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(17):9729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179729

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rahim, Waqas, Murtaza Khan, Tiba Nazar Ibrahim Al Azzawi, Anjali Pande, Nusrat Jahan Methela, Sajid Ali, Muhammad Imran, Da-Sol Lee, Geun-Mo Lee, Bong-Gyu Mun, and et al. 2022. "Exogenously Applied Sodium Nitroprusside Mitigates Lead Toxicity in Rice by Regulating Antioxidants and Metal Stress-Related Transcripts" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17: 9729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179729

APA Style

Rahim, W., Khan, M., Al Azzawi, T. N. I., Pande, A., Methela, N. J., Ali, S., Imran, M., Lee, D.-S., Lee, G.-M., Mun, B.-G., Moon, Y.-S., Lee, I.-J., & Yun, B.-W. (2022). Exogenously Applied Sodium Nitroprusside Mitigates Lead Toxicity in Rice by Regulating Antioxidants and Metal Stress-Related Transcripts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(17), 9729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179729

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