Formulation of Magneto-Responsive Hydrogels from Dually Cross-Linked Polysaccharides: Synthesis, Tuning and Evaluation of Rheological Properties

Vítková, Lenka; Musilová, Lenka; Achbergerová, Eva; Kolařík, Roman; Mrlík, Miroslav; Korpasová, Kateřina; Mahelová, Leona; Capáková, Zdenka; Mráček, Aleš

doi:10.3390/ijms23179633

Open AccessArticle

Formulation of Magneto-Responsive Hydrogels from Dually Cross-Linked Polysaccharides: Synthesis, Tuning and Evaluation of Rheological Properties

by

Lenka Vítková

¹,

Lenka Musilová

^1,2,*

,

Eva Achbergerová

³,

Roman Kolařík

²,

Miroslav Mrlík

²

,

Kateřina Korpasová

¹,

Leona Mahelová

²,

Zdenka Capáková

² and

Aleš Mráček

^1,2,*

¹

Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic

²

Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic

³

CEBIA-Tech, Faculty of Applied Informatics, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nad Stráněmi 4511, 760 05 Zlin, Czech Republic

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(17), 9633; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179633

Submission received: 30 July 2022 / Revised: 21 August 2022 / Accepted: 23 August 2022 / Published: 25 August 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Biobased Polymers and Composites: Current Challenges and Opportunities)

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Abstract

Smart hydrogels based on natural polymers present an opportunity to fabricate responsive scaffolds that provide an immediate and reversible reaction to a given stimulus. Modulation of mechanical characteristics is especially interesting in myocyte cultivation, and can be achieved by magnetically controlled stiffening. Here, hyaluronan hydrogels with carbonyl iron particles as a magnetic filler are prepared in a low-toxicity process. Desired mechanical behaviour is achieved using a combination of two cross-linking routes—dynamic Schiff base linkages and ionic cross-linking. We found that gelation time is greatly affected by polymer chain conformation. This factor can surpass the influence of the number of reactive sites, shortening gelation from 5 h to 20 min. Ionic cross-linking efficiency increased with the number of carboxyl groups and led to the storage modulus reaching 10

^{3}

Pa compared to 10

^{1}

Pa–10

^{2}

Pa for gels cross-linked with only Schiff bases. Furthermore, the ability of magnetic particles to induce significant stiffening of the hydrogel through the magnetorheological effect is confirmed, as a 10

^{3}

-times higher storage modulus is achieved in an external magnetic field of 842 kA·m

^{- 1}

. Finally, cytotoxicity testing confirms the ability to produce hydrogels that provide over 75% relative cell viability. Therefore, dual cross-linked hyaluronan-based magneto-responsive hydrogels present a potential material for on-demand mechanically tunable scaffolds usable in myocyte cultivation.

Keywords: hyaluronan; smart hydrogels; magnetorheology; Schiff base; hydrodynamic radius; tissue engineering

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MDPI and ACS Style

Vítková, L.; Musilová, L.; Achbergerová, E.; Kolařík, R.; Mrlík, M.; Korpasová, K.; Mahelová, L.; Capáková, Z.; Mráček, A. Formulation of Magneto-Responsive Hydrogels from Dually Cross-Linked Polysaccharides: Synthesis, Tuning and Evaluation of Rheological Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 9633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179633

AMA Style

Vítková L, Musilová L, Achbergerová E, Kolařík R, Mrlík M, Korpasová K, Mahelová L, Capáková Z, Mráček A. Formulation of Magneto-Responsive Hydrogels from Dually Cross-Linked Polysaccharides: Synthesis, Tuning and Evaluation of Rheological Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(17):9633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179633

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vítková, Lenka, Lenka Musilová, Eva Achbergerová, Roman Kolařík, Miroslav Mrlík, Kateřina Korpasová, Leona Mahelová, Zdenka Capáková, and Aleš Mráček. 2022. "Formulation of Magneto-Responsive Hydrogels from Dually Cross-Linked Polysaccharides: Synthesis, Tuning and Evaluation of Rheological Properties" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17: 9633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179633

APA Style

Vítková, L., Musilová, L., Achbergerová, E., Kolařík, R., Mrlík, M., Korpasová, K., Mahelová, L., Capáková, Z., & Mráček, A. (2022). Formulation of Magneto-Responsive Hydrogels from Dually Cross-Linked Polysaccharides: Synthesis, Tuning and Evaluation of Rheological Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(17), 9633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179633

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Formulation of Magneto-Responsive Hydrogels from Dually Cross-Linked Polysaccharides: Synthesis, Tuning and Evaluation of Rheological Properties

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