The Genetic Basis of Gene Expression Divergence in Antennae of Two Closely Related Moth Species, Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa assulta
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Interspecific Hybridization and Electrophysiological Responses of H. armigera and H. assulta
2.2. Transcriptome Analysis of H. armigera, H. assulta and F1 Hybrids
2.3. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of H. armigera, H. assulta and F1 Hybrids
2.4. More Misexpressed Gene in the Antennae of Sterile and Reciprocal F1 Hybrids
2.5. The Regulatory Patterns in Male Antennae Are Different from Those of Female Antennae
2.6. The Fertile Males in Initial F1 Hybrids Are More Reliable for Inferring Regulatory Patterns
2.7. Contribution of cis- and trans-Regulatory Variants to Gene Expression Divergence in Antennae of H. armigera and H. assulta
2.8. Regulatory Patterns of Olfactory-Related Protein Genes Expression in Antennae
3. Discussion
3.1. Genetic Basis of Gene Expression Divergence in Antennae of Related Insect Species
3.2. Effects of cis- and trans-Regulatory Variants on Antennal Dimorphism
3.3. Regulatory Patterns Inferred by RS_M Is More Accurate
3.4. cis-Related Regulations Play a Crucial Role in Gene Expression Divergence of Pheromone Perception Related Protein Genes
3.5. Relationships between the Expression Levels of PRs and the Electrophysiological Activities of Antennae
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Insect Rearing and Interspecific Hybridization
4.2. Antennae Collection, RNA Extraction and Transcriptome Sequencing
4.3. Processing of RNA-seq Datasets
4.4. Measuring ASE and PCA Analysis
4.5. Classification of Inheritance Modes
4.6. Classification of Regulatory Patterns
4.7. Functional Annotation and Gene Ontology
4.8. DNA Extraction and Genomic PCR
4.9. EAG Recordings
4.10. Correlation Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Guo, P.-P.; Li, G.-C.; Dong, J.-F.; Gong, X.-L.; Wang, L.; Yang, K.; Yang, J.; Huang, L.-Q.; Wang, C.-Z. The Genetic Basis of Gene Expression Divergence in Antennae of Two Closely Related Moth Species, Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa assulta. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 10050. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710050
Guo P-P, Li G-C, Dong J-F, Gong X-L, Wang L, Yang K, Yang J, Huang L-Q, Wang C-Z. The Genetic Basis of Gene Expression Divergence in Antennae of Two Closely Related Moth Species, Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa assulta. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(17):10050. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710050
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Ping-Ping, Guo-Cheng Li, Jun-Feng Dong, Xin-Lin Gong, Lingyu Wang, Ke Yang, Jun Yang, Ling-Qiao Huang, and Chen-Zhu Wang. 2022. "The Genetic Basis of Gene Expression Divergence in Antennae of Two Closely Related Moth Species, Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa assulta" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17: 10050. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710050