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Article

Host Range, Morphology and Sequence Analysis of Ten Temperate Phages Isolated from Pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica Strains

by
Jens Andre Hammerl
,
Sabrin El-Mustapha
,
Michelle Bölcke
,
Hannah Trampert
,
Andrea Barac
,
Claudia Jäckel
,
Ashish K. Gadicherla
and
Stefan Hertwig
*
Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(12), 6779; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126779
Submission received: 20 May 2022 / Revised: 15 June 2022 / Accepted: 16 June 2022 / Published: 17 June 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacteriophage—Molecular Studies 4.0)
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Abstract

Yersinia enterocolitica is a heterogeneous species comprising highly pathogenic, weakly pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. Previous data suggest that gene exchange may occur in Yersinia. Only scarce information exists about temperate phages of Y. enterocolitica, even though many prophage sequences are present in this species. We have examined 102 pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains for the presence of inducible prophages by mitomycin C treatment. Ten phages were isolated from nine strains belonging to the bio (B)/serotypes (O) B2/O:5,27, B2/O:9 and 1B/O:8. All phages are myoviruses showing lytic activity only at room temperature. Whole-genome sequencing of the phage genomes revealed that they belong to three groups, which, however, are not closely related to known phages. Group 1 is composed of five phages (type phage: vB_YenM_06.16.1) with genome sizes of 43.8 to 44.9 kb, whereas the four group 2 phages (type phage: vB_YenM_06.16.2) possess smaller genomes of 29.5 to 33.2 kb. Group 3 contains only one phage (vB_YenM_42.18) whose genome has a size of 36.5 kb, which is moderately similar to group 2. The host range of the phages differed significantly. While group 1 phages almost exclusively lysed strains of B2/O:5,27, phages of group 2 and 3 were additionally able to lyse B4/O:3, and some of them even B2/O:9 and 1B/O:8 strains.
Keywords: Yersinia enterocolitica; temperate phage; genome; attachment site Yersinia enterocolitica; temperate phage; genome; attachment site

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hammerl, J.A.; El-Mustapha, S.; Bölcke, M.; Trampert, H.; Barac, A.; Jäckel, C.; Gadicherla, A.K.; Hertwig, S. Host Range, Morphology and Sequence Analysis of Ten Temperate Phages Isolated from Pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica Strains. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 6779. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126779

AMA Style

Hammerl JA, El-Mustapha S, Bölcke M, Trampert H, Barac A, Jäckel C, Gadicherla AK, Hertwig S. Host Range, Morphology and Sequence Analysis of Ten Temperate Phages Isolated from Pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica Strains. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(12):6779. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126779

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hammerl, Jens Andre, Sabrin El-Mustapha, Michelle Bölcke, Hannah Trampert, Andrea Barac, Claudia Jäckel, Ashish K. Gadicherla, and Stefan Hertwig. 2022. "Host Range, Morphology and Sequence Analysis of Ten Temperate Phages Isolated from Pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica Strains" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 12: 6779. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126779

APA Style

Hammerl, J. A., El-Mustapha, S., Bölcke, M., Trampert, H., Barac, A., Jäckel, C., Gadicherla, A. K., & Hertwig, S. (2022). Host Range, Morphology and Sequence Analysis of Ten Temperate Phages Isolated from Pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica Strains. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(12), 6779. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126779

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