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Review

Recent Advances of m6A Demethylases Inhibitors and Their Biological Functions in Human Diseases

by
Yazhen You
1,
Yundong Fu
1,
Mingjie Huang
1,
Dandan Shen
2,
Bing Zhao
2,
Hongmin Liu
2,
Yichao Zheng
2 and
Lihua Huang
1,*
1
Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(10), 5815; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105815
Submission received: 10 April 2022 / Revised: 15 May 2022 / Accepted: 17 May 2022 / Published: 22 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Progression and Targeted Therapy Attempts)
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Abstract

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a post-transcriptional RNA modification and one of the most abundant types of RNA chemical modifications. m6A functions as a molecular switch and is involved in a range of biomedical aspects, including cardiovascular diseases, the central nervous system, and cancers. Conceptually, m6A methylation can be dynamically and reversibly modulated by RNA methylation regulatory proteins, resulting in diverse fates of mRNAs. This review focuses on m6A demethylases fat-mass- and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), which especially erase m6A modification from target mRNAs. Recent advances have highlighted that FTO and ALKBH5 play an oncogenic role in various cancers, such as acute myeloid leukemias (AML), glioblastoma, and breast cancer. Moreover, studies in vitro and in mouse models confirmed that FTO-specific inhibitors exhibited anti-tumor effects in several cancers. Accumulating evidence has suggested the possibility of FTO and ALKBH5 as therapeutic targets for specific diseases. In this review, we aim to illustrate the structural properties of these two m6A demethylases and the development of their specific inhibitors. Additionally, this review will summarize the biological functions of these two m6A demethylases in various types of cancers and other human diseases.
Keywords: m6A demethylases; FTO; AKBH5; human diseases; inhibitors m6A demethylases; FTO; AKBH5; human diseases; inhibitors

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MDPI and ACS Style

You, Y.; Fu, Y.; Huang, M.; Shen, D.; Zhao, B.; Liu, H.; Zheng, Y.; Huang, L. Recent Advances of m6A Demethylases Inhibitors and Their Biological Functions in Human Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5815. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105815

AMA Style

You Y, Fu Y, Huang M, Shen D, Zhao B, Liu H, Zheng Y, Huang L. Recent Advances of m6A Demethylases Inhibitors and Their Biological Functions in Human Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(10):5815. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105815

Chicago/Turabian Style

You, Yazhen, Yundong Fu, Mingjie Huang, Dandan Shen, Bing Zhao, Hongmin Liu, Yichao Zheng, and Lihua Huang. 2022. "Recent Advances of m6A Demethylases Inhibitors and Their Biological Functions in Human Diseases" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10: 5815. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105815

APA Style

You, Y., Fu, Y., Huang, M., Shen, D., Zhao, B., Liu, H., Zheng, Y., & Huang, L. (2022). Recent Advances of m6A Demethylases Inhibitors and Their Biological Functions in Human Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(10), 5815. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105815

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