Cell-to-Cell Communication by Host-Released Extracellular Vesicles in the Gut: Implications in Health and Disease

Diaz-Garrido, Natalia; Cordero, Cecilia; Olivo-Martinez, Yenifer; Badia, Josefa; Baldomà, Laura

doi:10.3390/ijms22042213

Open AccessReview

Cell-to-Cell Communication by Host-Released Extracellular Vesicles in the Gut: Implications in Health and Disease

by

Natalia Diaz-Garrido

^1,2

,

Cecilia Cordero

^1,2,

Yenifer Olivo-Martinez

^1,2

,

Josefa Badia

^1,2,† and

Laura Baldomà

^1,2,*,†

¹

Secció de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

²

Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(4), 2213; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042213

Submission received: 27 January 2021 / Revised: 17 February 2021 / Accepted: 19 February 2021 / Published: 23 February 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intercellular and Intracellular Communication in Human Health and Disease)

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Abstract

Communication between cells is crucial to preserve body homeostasis and health. Tightly controlled intercellular dialog is particularly relevant in the gut, where cells of the intestinal mucosa are constantly exposed to millions of microbes that have great impact on intestinal homeostasis by controlling barrier and immune functions. Recent knowledge involves extracellular vesicles (EVs) as mediators of such communication by transferring messenger bioactive molecules including proteins, lipids, and miRNAs between cells and tissues. The specific functions of EVs principally depend on the internal cargo, which upon delivery to target cells trigger signal events that modulate cellular functions. The vesicular cargo is greatly influenced by genetic, pathological, and environmental factors. This finding provides the basis for investigating potential clinical applications of EVs as therapeutic targets or diagnostic biomarkers. Here, we review current knowledge on the biogenesis and cargo composition of EVs in general terms. We then focus the attention to EVs released by cells of the intestinal mucosa and their impact on intestinal homeostasis in health and disease. We specifically highlight their role on epithelial barrier integrity, wound healing of epithelial cells, immunity, and microbiota shaping. Microbiota-derived EVs are not reviewed here.

Keywords: extracellular vesicles; exosomes; gut communication; gut immunity; intestinal homeostasis; miRNAs

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MDPI and ACS Style

Diaz-Garrido, N.; Cordero, C.; Olivo-Martinez, Y.; Badia, J.; Baldomà, L. Cell-to-Cell Communication by Host-Released Extracellular Vesicles in the Gut: Implications in Health and Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2213. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042213

AMA Style

Diaz-Garrido N, Cordero C, Olivo-Martinez Y, Badia J, Baldomà L. Cell-to-Cell Communication by Host-Released Extracellular Vesicles in the Gut: Implications in Health and Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(4):2213. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042213

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diaz-Garrido, Natalia, Cecilia Cordero, Yenifer Olivo-Martinez, Josefa Badia, and Laura Baldomà. 2021. "Cell-to-Cell Communication by Host-Released Extracellular Vesicles in the Gut: Implications in Health and Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4: 2213. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042213

APA Style

Diaz-Garrido, N., Cordero, C., Olivo-Martinez, Y., Badia, J., & Baldomà, L. (2021). Cell-to-Cell Communication by Host-Released Extracellular Vesicles in the Gut: Implications in Health and Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(4), 2213. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042213

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Cell-to-Cell Communication by Host-Released Extracellular Vesicles in the Gut: Implications in Health and Disease

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