Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: State of the Art
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Generalities on Extracellular Vesicles
3. Adipocytes Are Important EV Providers
3.1. Adipose-Derived EV: A Complex Network of Metabolic Signals Inside WAT
3.2. Contribution of Adipocyte-Derived EV to the Circulating Pool of EV in Biofluids
3.3. Adipose-Derived EV Regulate Glucose Homeostasis and Inflammation
4. Adipose-Derived EV Content Explains Their Biological Functions
4.1. Protein Content of Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
4.2. RNA in Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
4.3. Lipids in AdEV
5. Therapeutic Strategies to Decrease Ad EV Deleterious Effects
5.1. Targeting AdEV Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Release
5.2. Modulation of AdEV Lipid Composition by the Diet
5.3. Use of Extracellular Vesicles from Healthy Subjects
5.4. Use of Antibodies against AdEV
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Symbols | Protein Accession Numbers | Gene Names |
---|---|---|
Acadl | P51174 | acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, long-chain |
Acads | Q07417 | acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, short chain |
Aco2 | Q99KI0 | aconitase 2, mitochondrial |
Acsl1 | P41216 | acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 |
Adipoq | Q60994 | adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing |
Agpat2 | Q8K3K7 | 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2 (lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, beta) |
Aifm2 | Q8BUE4 | apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 2 |
Aldh2 | P47738 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial |
Aldh3a2 | P47740 | aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3, subfamily A2 |
Anxa1 | P10107 | annexin A1 |
Anxa6 | P14824 | annexin A6 |
Aoc3 | O70423 | amine oxidase, copper containing 3 |
Atp2a2 | O55143 | ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2 |
Atp5a1 | Q03265 | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit, isoform 1 |
Atp5b | P56480 | ATP synthase, H+ transporting mitochondrial F1 complex, beta subunit |
Cat | P24270 | catalase |
Cav1 | P49817 | caveolin, caveolae protein 1 |
Cav2 | Q9WVC3 | caveolin 2 |
Cct3 | P80318 | chaperonin subunit 3 (gamma) |
Cd36 | Q08857 | CD36 antigen |
Cd47 | Q61735 | CD47 antigen (Rh-related antigen, integrin-associated signal transducer) |
Cd9 | P40240 | CD9 antigen |
Cltc | Q68FD5 | clathrin, heavy polypeptide (Hc) |
Col6a1 | Q04857 | collagen, type VI, alpha 1 |
Decr1 | Q9CQ62 | 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial |
Dlat | Q8BMF4 | dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) |
Eef1a1 | P10126 | eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 |
Ehd2 | Q8BH64 | EH-domain containing 2 |
Etfa | Q99LC5 | electron transferring flavoprotein, alpha polypeptide |
Fasn | P19096 | fatty acid synthase |
Gnaq | P21279 | guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha q polypeptide |
Gpd1 | P13707 | glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (soluble) |
Gpi | P06745 | glucose phosphate isomerase 1 |
Hadh | Q61425 | hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase |
Hadhb | Q99JY0 | hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl- Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (trifunctional protein), beta subunit |
Hsd17b12 | O70503 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 12 |
Hsd17b4 | P51660 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 4 |
Itgb1 | P09055 | integrin beta 1 (fibronectin receptor beta) |
Kpnb1 | P70168 | karyopherin (importin) beta 1 |
Lamb2 | Q61292 | laminin, beta 2 |
Lamc1 | P02468 | laminin, gamma 1 |
Ldha | P06151 | lactate dehydrogenase A |
Lipe | P54310 | lipase, hormone sensitive |
Lpcat3 | Q91V01 | membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 5 |
Lpl | P11152 | lipoprotein lipase; similar to Lipoprotein lipase precursor (LPL) |
Lrp1 | Q91ZX7 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 |
Mcam | Q8R2Y2 | melanoma cell adhesion molecule |
Mdh2 | P08249 | malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD (mitochondrial) |
Ogdh | Q60597 | oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) |
Pc | Q05920 | pyruvate carboxylase |
Pdhb | Q9D051 | pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) beta |
Pdia3 | P27773 | protein disulfide isomerase associated 3 |
Phb | P67778 | prohibitin |
Prkar2b | P31324 | protein kinase, cAMP dependent regulatory, type II beta |
Rab18 | P35293 | RAB18, member RAS oncogene family |
Rab8b | P61028 | RAB8B, member RAS oncogene family |
Rras | P10833 | Harvey rat sarcoma oncogene, subgroup R |
Sdha | Q8K2B3 | succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein (Fp) |
Sfxn1 | Q99JR1 | sideroflexin 1 |
Sts | P50427 | steroid sulfatase |
Tmed10 | Q9D1D4 | transmembrane emp24-like trafficking protein 10 (yeast) |
Tubb3 | Q9ERD7 | tubulin, beta 3 |
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Rome, S.; Blandin, A.; Le Lay, S. Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: State of the Art. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1788. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041788
Rome S, Blandin A, Le Lay S. Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: State of the Art. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(4):1788. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041788
Chicago/Turabian StyleRome, Sophie, Alexia Blandin, and Soazig Le Lay. 2021. "Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: State of the Art" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4: 1788. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041788