Hyperhomocysteinemia and Cardiovascular Disease: Is the Adenosinergic System the Missing Link?

Paganelli, Franck; Mottola, Giovanna; Fromonot, Julien; Marlinge, Marion; Deharo, Pierre; Guieu, Régis; Ruf, Jean

doi:10.3390/ijms22041690

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Hyperhomocysteinemia and Cardiovascular Disease: Is the Adenosinergic System the Missing Link?

by

Franck Paganelli

^1,2,†,

Giovanna Mottola

^1,3,†

,

Julien Fromonot

^1,3,

Marion Marlinge

^1,3,

Pierre Deharo

^1,4,

Régis Guieu

^1,3,†

and

Jean Ruf

^1,*,†

¹

C2VN, INSERM, INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France

²

Department of Cardiology, North Hospital, F-13015 Marseille, France

³

Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone Hospital, F-13005 Marseille, France

⁴

Department of Cardiology, Timone Hospital, F-13005 Marseille, France

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(4), 1690; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041690

Submission received: 14 January 2021 / Revised: 30 January 2021 / Accepted: 4 February 2021 / Published: 8 February 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Inflammation in Degenerative Cardiovascular Conditions 2.0)

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Abstract

The influence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCy) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. HHCy is associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis, and it is an independent risk factor for CVD, stroke and myocardial infarction. However, homocysteine (HCy)-lowering therapy does not affect the inflammatory state of CVD patients, and it has little influence on cardiovascular risk. The HCy degradation product hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a cardioprotector. Previous research proposed a positive role of H₂S in the cardiovascular system, and we discuss some recent data suggesting that HHCy worsens CVD by increasing the production of H₂S, which decreases the expression of adenosine A_2A receptors on the surface of immune and cardiovascular cells to cause inflammation and ischemia, respectively.

Keywords: adenosine; adenosine A_2A receptors; cardiovascular disease; hydrogen sulfide; hyperhomocysteinemia

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MDPI and ACS Style

Paganelli, F.; Mottola, G.; Fromonot, J.; Marlinge, M.; Deharo, P.; Guieu, R.; Ruf, J. Hyperhomocysteinemia and Cardiovascular Disease: Is the Adenosinergic System the Missing Link? Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1690. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041690

AMA Style

Paganelli F, Mottola G, Fromonot J, Marlinge M, Deharo P, Guieu R, Ruf J. Hyperhomocysteinemia and Cardiovascular Disease: Is the Adenosinergic System the Missing Link? International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(4):1690. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041690

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paganelli, Franck, Giovanna Mottola, Julien Fromonot, Marion Marlinge, Pierre Deharo, Régis Guieu, and Jean Ruf. 2021. "Hyperhomocysteinemia and Cardiovascular Disease: Is the Adenosinergic System the Missing Link?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4: 1690. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041690

APA Style

Paganelli, F., Mottola, G., Fromonot, J., Marlinge, M., Deharo, P., Guieu, R., & Ruf, J. (2021). Hyperhomocysteinemia and Cardiovascular Disease: Is the Adenosinergic System the Missing Link? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(4), 1690. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041690

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Hyperhomocysteinemia and Cardiovascular Disease: Is the Adenosinergic System the Missing Link?

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