Differential Circulating MicroRNA Expression in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. AMD miRNA Biomarkers, Data Quality Control, and Normalisation
2.2. Differentially Expressed miRNAs in AMD
2.3. MicroRNAs as Candidate Biomarkers for AMD
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Case-Controlled Study Design
4.2. Human Serum Preparation
4.3. RNA Extraction
4.4. Quality of Extracted RNA
4.5. MicroRNA Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)
4.6. Quality of qRT-PCR
4.7. Normalisation
4.8. Statistical Analyses
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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miRNA | Sample Type | AMD Type | Proposed Role in AMD Pathogenesis | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
miR-374a | Serum [10] Plasma [21] | Dry | Oxidative stress response [22] Neurodegeneration [22] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] Ertekin et al., 2014 [21] |
miR-19a | Serum [10] | Dry | Cell growth [10] Apoptosis [10] Angiogenesis [10] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] |
miR-296-5p | Serum [10] | Dry | Oxidative stress response [23] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] |
miR-19b | Serum [10] | Dry | Cell growth [10] Apoptosis [10] Angiogenesis [10] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] |
miR-126 | Serum [4,10] PBNCs [14] | Dry + Wet | Inflammation [5,10] Angiogenesis [5,10] Apoptosis [10] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] Litwińska et al., 2019 [14] Romano et al., 2017 [4] |
miR-16 | Plasma [24] PBNCs [14] | Dry + Wet | Apoptosis [24] Cell growth [24] Inflammation [14,24] | Litwińska et al., 2019 [14] Ulańczyk et al., 2019 [24] |
miR-486-5p | Serum [10] Serum exosomes [8] | Dry + Wet | Angiogenesis [8] Inflammation [8] Cell growth [8] Apoptosis [8] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] Elbay et al., 2019 [8] |
hsa-miR-155 | Serum [4] Plasma [21,24] PBNCs [14] Retina [25] | Dry + Wet | Inflammation [4,5,6] Angiogenesis [5,6] Apoptosis [4] | Litwińska et al., 2019 [14] Ulańczyk et al., 2019 [24] Romano et al., 2017 [4] Ertekin et al., 2017 [21] Pogue et al., 2018 [25] |
hsa-miR-626 | Serum exosomes [8] | Dry + Wet | Neurodegeneration [8] | Elbay et al., 2019 [8] |
hsa-miR-9 | Serum [4] | Dry + Wet | Inflammation [5] Oxidative stress response [5] | Romano et al., 2017 [4] |
hsa-miR-23a | Serum [4] Plasma [24] PBNCs [14] Mouse retinal tissue [26] | Dry + Wet | Oxidative stress response [5] Angiogenesis [5] | Litwińska et al., 2019 [14] Ulańczyk et al., 2019 [24] Romano et al., 2017 [4] Zhou et al., 2011 [24] |
hsa-miR-34a | Serum [4] In vitro retinal pigment epithelium [27] Mouse retinal tissue [28] | Dry + Wet | Oxidative stress response [5] Cell growth [27] Cell proliferation [27] | Romano et al., 2017 [4] Smit-McBride et al., 2014 [28] Hou et al., 2013 [27] |
miR-874 | Serum [10] | Wet | Neurodegeneration [29] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] |
miR-132 | Serum [10] Serum exosomes [8] | Wet | Angiogenesis [5,8] Cell proliferation [8] Angiogenesis [8] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] Elbay et al., 2019 [8] |
miR-27b | Serum [10] Plasma [21] | Wet | Angiogenesis [5,21] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] Ertekin et al., 2014 [21] |
miR-25 | Serum [10] Plasma [21] Whole blood [9] Rat retinal tissue [30] | Wet | Oxidative stress response [30] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] Ren et al., 2017 [9] Zhang et al., 2017 [30] Ertekin et al., 2014 [21] |
miR-146a | Serum [4,10] Plasma [18] PBNCs [14] Vitreous humour [31] Retina [25] | Wet | Inflammation [4,5,6] Oxidative stress response [6] Neurodegeneration [6] Angiogenesis [6] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] Litwińska et al., 2019 [14] Ulańczyk et al., 2019 [24] Romano et al., 2017 [4] Ménard et al., 2016 [31] Pogue et al., 2018 [25] |
miR-410 | Serum [10] Plasma [21] | Wet | Inflammation [10] | ElShelmani et al., 2020 [10] Ertekin et al., 2014 [21] |
hsa-miR-125b | Retinoblastoma cell lines [32] Retina [25] | Wet | Inflammation [5] Angiogenesis [6] | Pogue et al., 2018 [25] Bai et al., 2016 [32] |
hsa-miR-27a | Whole blood [9] Serum [4] Mouse retinal tissue [26] | Wet | Angiogenesis [5] Neurodegeneration [4] Inflammation [4] | Ren et al., 2017 [9] Romano et al., 2017 [4] Zhou et al., 2011 [26] |
hsa-miR-93 | Mouse retinal tissue [1] Plasma [24] | Wet | Angiogenesis [1,5,24] | Wang et al., 2016 [4] Ulańczyk et al., 2019 [24] |
hsa-miR-301-3p | Serum [2] | Wet | Angiogenesis [2] | Grassmann et al., 2014 [2] |
hsa-miR-361-5p | Serum [2] | Wet | Angiogenesis [2] | Grassmann et al., 2014 [2] |
hsa-miR-424-5p | Serum [2,11] | Wet | Angiogenesis [2] | Grassmann et al., 2014 [2] Szemraj et al., 2015 [11] |
hsa-let-7a-5p | Serum [11] | Wet | Angiogenesis [11] | Szemraj et al., 2015 [11] |
hsa-let-7d-5p | Serum [11] | Wet | Angiogenesis [11] | Szemraj et al., 2015 [11] |
hsa-let-7b-5p | Serum [11] | Wet | Angiogenesis [11] | Szemraj et al., 2015 [11] |
miR-200b | Mouse retinal tissue [33] Rat retinal tissue [34] | Wet | Oxidative stress response [33,34] Angiogenesis [34] | Murray et al., 2013 [33] McArthur et al., 2011 [34] |
miR-205-5p | Serum [7] In vitro retinal pigment epithelium [35] | Wet | Oxidative stress response [35] Angiogenesis [7,35] | Oltra et al., 2020 [35] Blasiak et al., 2019 [7] |
miRNA | ANOVA p-Value | p-Value Adjusted for Multiple Tests | Post-Hoc Test | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dry vs. Control | Wet vs. Control | |||
let-7a-5p | 0.0000023 *** | 0.0000915 *** | 4.57E-08 *** | 4.04E-04 *** |
let-7b-5p | 0.0000338 *** | 0.0011159 ** | 0.000000102 *** | 5.46E-05 *** |
let-7d-5p | 0.0000002 *** | 0.0000084 *** | 5.42E-09 *** | 3.30E-04 *** |
miR-125b-5p | 0.0041234 ** | 0.0536036 | 0.001766642 ** | 0.000150437 *** |
miR-155-5p | 0.0002756 *** | 0.0064747 ** | 0.000000316 *** | 7.85E-04 *** |
miR-23a-3p | 0.0000055 *** | 0.0002102 *** | 8.03E-08 *** | 1.12E-02 * |
miR-27a-3p | 0.0000339 *** | 0.0011159 ** | 3.67E-09 *** | 1.53E-04 *** |
miR-301a-3p | 0.0000173 *** | 0.0006216 *** | 0.000000121 *** | 1.74E-03 ** |
miR-34a-3p | 0.0029547 ** | 0.0472756 * | 0.001283794 ** | 0.001283794 ** |
miR-361-5p | 0.0000003 *** | 0.000013 *** | 2.93E-09 *** | 1.27E-04 *** |
miR-424-5p | 0.0134416 * | 0.0997292 | 0.000240525 *** | 0.002441783 ** |
miR-626 | 0.0282197 * | 0.1128788 | 1 | 0.0241612 * |
miR-9-5p | 0.012466 1 * | 0.0997292 | 0.005665279 ** | 0.078181678 |
miR-93-5p | 0.0000965 *** | 0.0027007 ** | 0.00000149 *** | 7.59E-04 *** |
miR-126-3p | 0.0000879 *** | 0.0026358 ** | 8.65E-08 *** | 1.22E-03** |
miR-132-3p | 0.0000976 *** | 0.0027007 ** | 0.00000751 *** | 1.62E-04 *** |
miR-146a-5p | 0.0000308 *** | 0.0010487 ** | 0.000000118 *** | 5.47E-03 ** |
miR-16-1-3p | 0.006405 ** | 0.0659499 | 0.000417055 *** | 0.004765244 ** |
miR-19a-3p | 0.0009344 *** | 0.0177531 * | 0.000000344 *** | 1.14E-04 *** |
miR-19b-3p | 0.0000817 *** | 0.0025317 ** | 7.75E-08 *** | 2.72E-04 *** |
miR-25-3p | 0.0003701 *** | 0.0077725 ** | 0.0000263 *** | 1.04E-02 * |
miR-27b-3p | 0.0000016 *** | 0.0000658 *** | 2.46E-08 *** | 1.00E-02 * |
miR-296-5p | 0.0000902 *** | 0.0026358 ** | 0.00000361 *** | 1.42E-04 *** |
miR-374a-3p | 0.0002002 *** | 0.0052054 ** | 0.0000189 *** | 2.24E-02 * |
miR-410-3p | 0.0002989 *** | 0.0065768 ** | 0.00000215 *** | 3.08E-02 * |
miR-486-5p | 0.0026621** | 0.0452558 * | 0.000196392 *** | 0.012940657 * |
miR-874-3p | 0.0000208 *** | 0.0007281 *** | 0.000000903 *** | 7.41E-05 *** |
miR-200b-3p | 0.0059954 ** | 0.0659499 | 0.000513111 *** | 0.048144232 * |
hsa-miR-205-5p | 0.4166033 | 0.8332066 | 0.01844464 * | 0.04330408 * |
miR-23a-5p | 0.017179 * | 0.1030738 | 0.002440702 ** | 0.002440702 ** |
miR-27a-5p | 0.0094173 ** | 0.0847555 | 0.001859376 ** | 0.019768118 * |
miR-34a-5p | 0.0002132 *** | 0.0053307 ** | 0.0000367 *** | 3.67E-05 *** |
miR-126-5p | 0.0002698 *** | 0.0064747 ** | 0.00000375 *** | 6.31E-04 *** |
miR-132-5p | 0.0839077 | 0.251723 | 0.09591552 | 0.43207043 |
miR-16-5p | 0.0029939 ** | 0.0472756 * | 0.00000267 *** | 1.69E-04 *** |
miR-19a-5p | 0.0047982 ** | 0.0575782 | 0.0000288 *** | 2.44E-03 ** |
miR-25-5p | 0.0215507 * | 0.1077534 | 0.004209305 ** | 0.042136988 * |
miR-27b-5p | 0.0030667 ** | 0.0472756 * | 0.002349743 ** | 0.113657163 |
miR-374a-5p | 0.0007715 *** | 0.01543 * | 0.000000704 *** | 4.05E-03 ** |
miR-410-5p | 0.4354663 | 0.8332066 | 0.9400418 | 0.5086931 |
miR-874-5p | 0.0011751 ** | 0.0211526 * | 0.000117408 *** | 0.028667993 * |
miR-19b-1-5p | 0.0000068 *** | 0.0002523 *** | 0.00000196 *** | 9.66E-02 |
Characteristic | Control (n = 10) | Dry (n = 12) | Wet (n = 14) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Mean | 72 | 70 | 75 |
60–69 | n = 2 | n = 9 | n = 5 | |
70–79 | n = 8 | n = 3 | n = 8 | |
>80 | n = 0 | n = 0 | n = 1 | |
Gender | Female | n = 6 | n = 7 | n = 9 |
Male | n = 4 | n = 5 | n = 5 |
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ElShelmani, H.; Brennan, I.; Kelly, D.J.; Keegan, D. Differential Circulating MicroRNA Expression in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12321. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212321
ElShelmani H, Brennan I, Kelly DJ, Keegan D. Differential Circulating MicroRNA Expression in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(22):12321. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212321
Chicago/Turabian StyleElShelmani, Hanan, Ian Brennan, David J. Kelly, and David Keegan. 2021. "Differential Circulating MicroRNA Expression in Age-Related Macular Degeneration" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22: 12321. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212321