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Article

Influence of Serratia marcescens and Rhodococcus rhodnii on the Humoral Immunity of Rhodnius prolixus

by
Kate K. S. Batista
1,
Cecília S. Vieira
1,
Marcela B. Figueiredo
2,
Samara G. Costa-Latgé
1,
Patrícia Azambuja
3,4,
Fernando A. Genta
1,4 and
Daniele P. Castro
1,4,*
1
Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
2
Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
3
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi 24210-201, Brazil
4
Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(20), 10901; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222010901
Submission received: 9 July 2021 / Revised: 3 August 2021 / Accepted: 11 August 2021 / Published: 9 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host-Microbe Interaction 3.0)
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Abstract

Chagas disease is a human infectious disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and can be transmitted by triatomine vectors, such as Rhodnius prolixus. One limiting factor for T. cruzi development is the composition of the bacterial gut microbiota in the triatomine. Herein, we analyzed the humoral immune responses of R. prolixus nymphs treated with antibiotics and subsequently recolonized with either Serratia marcescens or Rhodococcus rhodnii. The treatment with antibiotics reduced the bacterial load in the digestive tract, and the recolonization with each bacterium was successfully detected seven days after treatment. The antibiotic-treated insects, recolonized with S. marcescens, presented reduced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and phenoloxidase activity in hemolymph, and lower nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and higher defensin C gene (DefC) gene expression in the fat body. These insects also presented a higher expression of DefC, lower prolixicin (Prol), and lower NOS levels in the anterior midgut. However, the antibiotic-treated insects recolonized with R. rhodnii had increased antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and lower activity against S. aureus, higher phenoloxidase activity in hemolymph, and lower NOS expression in the fat body. In the anterior midgut, these insects presented higher NOS, defensin A (DefA) and DefC expression, and lower Prol expression. The R. prolixus immune modulation by these two bacteria was observed not only in the midgut, but also systemically in the fat body, and may be crucial for the development and transmission of the parasites Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli.
Keywords: insect immunity; triatomine; microbiota; bacteria; insect physiology; antibiotic; aposimbiotic insect immunity; triatomine; microbiota; bacteria; insect physiology; antibiotic; aposimbiotic

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MDPI and ACS Style

Batista, K.K.S.; Vieira, C.S.; Figueiredo, M.B.; Costa-Latgé, S.G.; Azambuja, P.; Genta, F.A.; Castro, D.P. Influence of Serratia marcescens and Rhodococcus rhodnii on the Humoral Immunity of Rhodnius prolixus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 10901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222010901

AMA Style

Batista KKS, Vieira CS, Figueiredo MB, Costa-Latgé SG, Azambuja P, Genta FA, Castro DP. Influence of Serratia marcescens and Rhodococcus rhodnii on the Humoral Immunity of Rhodnius prolixus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(20):10901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222010901

Chicago/Turabian Style

Batista, Kate K. S., Cecília S. Vieira, Marcela B. Figueiredo, Samara G. Costa-Latgé, Patrícia Azambuja, Fernando A. Genta, and Daniele P. Castro. 2021. "Influence of Serratia marcescens and Rhodococcus rhodnii on the Humoral Immunity of Rhodnius prolixus" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 20: 10901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222010901

APA Style

Batista, K. K. S., Vieira, C. S., Figueiredo, M. B., Costa-Latgé, S. G., Azambuja, P., Genta, F. A., & Castro, D. P. (2021). Influence of Serratia marcescens and Rhodococcus rhodnii on the Humoral Immunity of Rhodnius prolixus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(20), 10901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222010901

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