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Volume 22
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10.3390/ijms22020497
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Article

Ionic Silicon Protects Oxidative Damage and Promotes Skeletal Muscle Cell Regeneration

by
Kamal Awad
1,2,
Neelam Ahuja
2,
Matthew Fiedler
2,
Sara Peper
2,3,
Zhiying Wang
2,
Pranesh Aswath
1,
Marco Brotto
2,* and
Venu Varanasi
1,2,*
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
2
Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
3
Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(2), 497; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020497
Submission received: 13 December 2020 / Revised: 28 December 2020 / Accepted: 30 December 2020 / Published: 6 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions of Cells with Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine)
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Abstract

Volumetric muscle loss injuries overwhelm the endogenous regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle, and the associated oxidative damage can delay regeneration and prolong recovery. This study aimed to investigate the effect of silicon-ions on C2C12 skeletal muscle cells under normal and excessive oxidative stress conditions to gain insights into its role on myogenesis during the early stages of muscle regeneration. In vitro studies indicated that 0.1 mM Si-ions into cell culture media significantly increased cell viability, proliferation, migration, and myotube formation compared to control. Additionally, MyoG, MyoD, Neurturin, and GABA expression were significantly increased with addition of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mM of Si-ion for 1 and 5 days of C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Furthermore, 0.1–2.0 mM Si-ions attenuated the toxic effects of H2O2 within 24 h resulting in increased cell viability and differentiation. Addition of 1.0 mM of Si-ions significantly aid cell recovery and protected from the toxic effect of 0.4 mM H2O2 on cell migration. These results suggest that ionic silicon may have a potential effect in unfavorable situations where reactive oxygen species is predominant affecting cell viability, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Furthermore, this study provides a guide for designing Si-containing biomaterials with desirable Si-ion release for skeletal muscle regeneration.
Keywords: muscle injury; reactive oxygen species; antioxidant; silicon; biomaterials; volumetric muscle loss; tissue regeneration muscle injury; reactive oxygen species; antioxidant; silicon; biomaterials; volumetric muscle loss; tissue regeneration

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MDPI and ACS Style

Awad, K.; Ahuja, N.; Fiedler, M.; Peper, S.; Wang, Z.; Aswath, P.; Brotto, M.; Varanasi, V. Ionic Silicon Protects Oxidative Damage and Promotes Skeletal Muscle Cell Regeneration. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 497. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020497

AMA Style

Awad K, Ahuja N, Fiedler M, Peper S, Wang Z, Aswath P, Brotto M, Varanasi V. Ionic Silicon Protects Oxidative Damage and Promotes Skeletal Muscle Cell Regeneration. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(2):497. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020497

Chicago/Turabian Style

Awad, Kamal, Neelam Ahuja, Matthew Fiedler, Sara Peper, Zhiying Wang, Pranesh Aswath, Marco Brotto, and Venu Varanasi. 2021. "Ionic Silicon Protects Oxidative Damage and Promotes Skeletal Muscle Cell Regeneration" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2: 497. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020497

APA Style

Awad, K., Ahuja, N., Fiedler, M., Peper, S., Wang, Z., Aswath, P., Brotto, M., & Varanasi, V. (2021). Ionic Silicon Protects Oxidative Damage and Promotes Skeletal Muscle Cell Regeneration. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(2), 497. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020497

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