Next Article in Journal
Collagen XV Promotes ER Stress-Induced Inflammation through Activating Integrin β1/FAK Signaling Pathway and M1 Macrophage Polarization in Adipose Tissue
Next Article in Special Issue
Melatonin Modulates Plant Tolerance to Heavy Metal Stress: Morphological Responses to Molecular Mechanisms
Previous Article in Journal
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists—Use in Chronic Kidney Disease
Previous Article in Special Issue
Melatonin Application Modifies Antioxidant Defense and Induces Endoreplication in Maize Seeds Exposed to Chilling Stress
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
IJMS
Volume 22
Issue 18
10.3390/ijms22189996
ijms-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Review

Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals—An Overview

by
Giuseppe Mannino
1,
Carlo Pernici
1,
Graziella Serio
2,
Carla Gentile
2,* and
Cinzia M. Bertea
1,*
1
Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy
2
Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(18), 9996; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189996
Submission received: 30 August 2021 / Revised: 14 September 2021 / Accepted: 15 September 2021 / Published: 16 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Melatonin in Plants)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in the regulation of several physiological processes in both animals and plants. In the last century, it was reported that this molecule may be produced in high concentrations by several species belonging to the plant kingdom and stored in specialized tissues. In this review, the main information related to the chemistry of melatonin and its metabolism has been summarized. Furthermore, the biosynthetic pathway characteristics of animal and plant cells have been compared, and the main differences between the two systems highlighted. Additionally, in order to investigate the distribution of this indolamine in the plant kingdom, distribution cluster analysis was performed using a database composed by 47 previously published articles reporting the content of melatonin in different plant families, species and tissues. Finally, the potential pharmacological and biostimulant benefits derived from the administration of exogenous melatonin on animals or plants via the intake of dietary supplements or the application of biostimulant formulation have been largely discussed.
Keywords: indolamine; biostimulant; dietary supplements; cluster analysis; N-acetyl-5-methoxytriptamine indolamine; biostimulant; dietary supplements; cluster analysis; N-acetyl-5-methoxytriptamine

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Mannino, G.; Pernici, C.; Serio, G.; Gentile, C.; Bertea, C.M. Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals—An Overview. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 9996. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189996

AMA Style

Mannino G, Pernici C, Serio G, Gentile C, Bertea CM. Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals—An Overview. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(18):9996. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189996

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mannino, Giuseppe, Carlo Pernici, Graziella Serio, Carla Gentile, and Cinzia M. Bertea. 2021. "Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals—An Overview" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18: 9996. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189996

APA Style

Mannino, G., Pernici, C., Serio, G., Gentile, C., & Bertea, C. M. (2021). Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals—An Overview. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(18), 9996. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189996

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop