Role of β-Adrenergic Receptors and Estrogen in Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction: An Overview

Matarrese, Paola; Maccari, Sonia; Vona, Rosa; Gambardella, Lucrezia; Stati, Tonino; Marano, Giuseppe

doi:10.3390/ijms22168957

Open AccessReview

Role of β-Adrenergic Receptors and Estrogen in Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction: An Overview

by

Paola Matarrese

^*

,

Sonia Maccari

,

Rosa Vona

,

Lucrezia Gambardella

,

Tonino Stati

and

Giuseppe Marano

Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(16), 8957; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168957

Submission received: 30 June 2021 / Revised: 17 August 2021 / Accepted: 18 August 2021 / Published: 19 August 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiac Repair and Regeneration: New Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutics)

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Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with an intense inflammatory response that is critical for cardiac repair but is also involved in the pathogenesis of adverse cardiac remodeling, i.e., the set of size, geometry, and structure changes that represent the structural substrate for the development of post-MI heart failure. Deciphering the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiac repair after MI is, therefore, critical to favorably regulate cardiac wound repair and to prevent development of heart failure. Catecholamines and estrogen play an active role in regulating the inflammatory response in the infarcted area. For example, stress-induced catecholamines alter recruitment and trafficking of leukocytes to the heart. Additionally, estrogen affects rate of cardiac rupture during the acute phase of MI, as well as infarct size and survival in animal models of MI. In this review, we will summarize the role of β-adrenergic receptors and estrogen in cardiac repair after infarction in preclinical studies.

Keywords: β-adrenergic receptors; estrogen; inflammation; cardiac repair; gender; preclinical studies

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MDPI and ACS Style

Matarrese, P.; Maccari, S.; Vona, R.; Gambardella, L.; Stati, T.; Marano, G. Role of β-Adrenergic Receptors and Estrogen in Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction: An Overview. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 8957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168957

AMA Style

Matarrese P, Maccari S, Vona R, Gambardella L, Stati T, Marano G. Role of β-Adrenergic Receptors and Estrogen in Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction: An Overview. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(16):8957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168957

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matarrese, Paola, Sonia Maccari, Rosa Vona, Lucrezia Gambardella, Tonino Stati, and Giuseppe Marano. 2021. "Role of β-Adrenergic Receptors and Estrogen in Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction: An Overview" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16: 8957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168957

APA Style

Matarrese, P., Maccari, S., Vona, R., Gambardella, L., Stati, T., & Marano, G. (2021). Role of β-Adrenergic Receptors and Estrogen in Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction: An Overview. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(16), 8957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168957

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Role of β-Adrenergic Receptors and Estrogen in Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction: An Overview

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