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Volume 22
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10.3390/ijms22126241
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Article

Decellularized Porcine Cartilage Scaffold; Validation of Decellularization and Evaluation of Biomarkers of Chondrogenesis

by
Roxanne N. Stone
1,2,
Stephanie M. Frahs
2,3,4,
Makenna J. Hardy
2,3,4,
Akina Fujimoto
2,3,
Xinzhu Pu
2,3,4,
Cynthia Keller-Peck
2,3 and
Julia Thom Oxford
2,3,4,5,*
1
Interdisciplinary Studies Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
2
Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
3
Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
4
Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Programs, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
5
Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(12), 6241; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126241
Submission received: 4 May 2021 / Revised: 1 June 2021 / Accepted: 4 June 2021 / Published: 9 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Matrix in Development and Disease 3.0)
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Abstract

Osteoarthritis is a major concern in the United States and worldwide. Current non-surgical and surgical approaches alleviate pain but show little evidence of cartilage restoration. Cell-based treatments may hold promise for the regeneration of hyaline cartilage-like tissue at the site of injury or wear. Cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions have been shown to drive cell differentiation pathways. Biomaterials for clinically relevant applications can be generated from decellularized porcine auricular cartilage. This material may represent a suitable scaffold on which to seed and grow chondrocytes to create new cartilage. In this study, we used decellularization techniques to create an extracellular matrix scaffold that supports chondrocyte cell attachment and growth in tissue culture conditions. Results presented here evaluate the decellularization process histologically and molecularly. We identified new and novel biomarker profiles that may aid future cartilage decellularization efforts. Additionally, the resulting scaffold was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and proteomics. Cellular response to the decellularized scaffold was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR for gene expression analysis.
Keywords: cartilage; chondrocytes; decellularized; scaffold; proteomics; real time quantitative PCR; histology; scanning electron microscopy; C28/I2 cells; porcine auricular cartilage cartilage; chondrocytes; decellularized; scaffold; proteomics; real time quantitative PCR; histology; scanning electron microscopy; C28/I2 cells; porcine auricular cartilage

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MDPI and ACS Style

Stone, R.N.; Frahs, S.M.; Hardy, M.J.; Fujimoto, A.; Pu, X.; Keller-Peck, C.; Oxford, J.T. Decellularized Porcine Cartilage Scaffold; Validation of Decellularization and Evaluation of Biomarkers of Chondrogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 6241. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126241

AMA Style

Stone RN, Frahs SM, Hardy MJ, Fujimoto A, Pu X, Keller-Peck C, Oxford JT. Decellularized Porcine Cartilage Scaffold; Validation of Decellularization and Evaluation of Biomarkers of Chondrogenesis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(12):6241. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126241

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stone, Roxanne N., Stephanie M. Frahs, Makenna J. Hardy, Akina Fujimoto, Xinzhu Pu, Cynthia Keller-Peck, and Julia Thom Oxford. 2021. "Decellularized Porcine Cartilage Scaffold; Validation of Decellularization and Evaluation of Biomarkers of Chondrogenesis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12: 6241. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126241

APA Style

Stone, R. N., Frahs, S. M., Hardy, M. J., Fujimoto, A., Pu, X., Keller-Peck, C., & Oxford, J. T. (2021). Decellularized Porcine Cartilage Scaffold; Validation of Decellularization and Evaluation of Biomarkers of Chondrogenesis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(12), 6241. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126241

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