Mechanisms of Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury
1
The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
2
The Center for Regenerative Medicine, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(9), 3344; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093344
Received: 30 March 2020
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Revised: 2 May 2020
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Accepted: 4 May 2020
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Published: 8 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction)
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) account for the majority of injury-related deaths in the United States with roughly two million TBIs occurring annually. Due to the spectrum of severity and heterogeneity in TBIs, investigation into the secondary injury is necessary in order to formulate an effective treatment. A mechanical consequence of trauma involves dysregulation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) which contributes to secondary injury and exposure of peripheral components to the brain parenchyma. Recent studies have shed light on the mechanisms of BBB breakdown in TBI including novel intracellular signaling and cell–cell interactions within the BBB niche. The current review provides an overview of the BBB, novel detection methods for disruption, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms implicated in regulating its stability following TBI.
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Keywords:
Blood–brain barrier disruption; TBI; endothelial cells; vascular–astrocyte coupling; aquaporin; edema
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MDPI and ACS Style
Cash, A.; Theus, M.H. Mechanisms of Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 3344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093344
AMA Style
Cash A, Theus MH. Mechanisms of Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(9):3344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093344
Chicago/Turabian StyleCash, Alison, and Michelle H. Theus. 2020. "Mechanisms of Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 9: 3344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093344
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