Wnt-Independent and Wnt-Dependent Effects of APC Loss on the Chemotherapeutic Response
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Adenomatous Polyposis Coli and Cancer
3. APC Affects Multiple Cellular Processes
4. APC Loss and Epithelial-Derived Chemoresistance
5. APC Loss and Tumor Microenvironment-Derived Chemoresistance
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
+TIPs | Plus end-binding proteins |
5-FU | 5-fluorouracil |
ABC | ATP binding cassette |
ALDH | Aldehyde dehydrogenase |
APC | Adenomatous polyposis coli |
APE1 | AP endonuclease 1 |
ATM | Ataxia telangiectasia mutated |
ATR | Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein |
BCL-2 | B cell lymphoma 2 |
bFGF | Basic fibroblast growth factor |
CAFs | Cancer-associated fibroblast |
CCAL | Colorectal cancer-associated lncRNA |
Chk1 | Checkpoint kinase 1 |
CK1 | Casein kinase 1 |
CRC | Colorectal cancer |
CSCs | Cancer stem cells |
DC | Dendritic cell |
DNA-PKcs | DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunits |
EB1 | End-binding proteins |
ECM | Extracellular matrix |
EMT | Epithelial–mesenchymal transition |
FAP | Familial adenomatous polyposis |
Fen-1 | Flap endonuclease 1 |
GEF | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor |
GSH-PX | Glutathione peroxidase |
GSK3β | Glycogen synthase kinase 3β |
GST | Glutathione S-transferase |
HCCs | Hepatocellular carcinoma cells |
HIF-1α | Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α |
HR | Homologous recombination |
IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
LncRNA-HOTAIR | Long non-coding ribonucleic acid-homeobox transcript antisense ribonucleic acid |
LP-BER | Long patch-base excision repair |
MAPs | Microtubule-associated proteins |
mBCSCs | Metastatic breast cancer stem cells |
MCP-1 | Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 |
MCR | Mutation cluster region |
MDR1 | Multidrug resistance 1 |
MMP2 | Matrix metalloproteinase 2 |
MMTV-PyMT | Mouse mammary tumor virus-polyoma middle T |
MPC | Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier |
MRP1 | Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 |
MSCs | Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells |
MTs | Microtubules |
NFAT | Nuclear factor of activated T cells |
NHEJ | Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) |
NSCLC | Non-small cell lung cancer |
PARP | Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase |
Pol-β | Polymerase β |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
RPA32 SAMP | Replication protein A 32 Serine, Alanine, Methionine, Proline |
STAT3 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
TAMs | Tumor-associated macrophages |
TME | Tumor microenvironment |
Tregs | T regulatory cells |
VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
γ-H2AX | Phosphorylated histone H2AX |
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Stefanski, C.D.; Prosperi, J.R. Wnt-Independent and Wnt-Dependent Effects of APC Loss on the Chemotherapeutic Response. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7844. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217844
Stefanski CD, Prosperi JR. Wnt-Independent and Wnt-Dependent Effects of APC Loss on the Chemotherapeutic Response. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):7844. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217844
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefanski, Casey D., and Jenifer R. Prosperi. 2020. "Wnt-Independent and Wnt-Dependent Effects of APC Loss on the Chemotherapeutic Response" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 7844. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217844