Roles of Cannabinoids in Melanoma: Evidence from In Vivo Studies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Inclusion Criteria
- The study should be a primary research article;
- The study should include the use of cannabinoids (endocannabinoid, phytocannabinoids, and synthetic);
- Cannabinoids should have been used in treating melanoma;
- In vivo studies that explored the effect of cannabinoids on tumor activity or size were selected;
- All study types were included except reviews and commentaries.
2.2. Exclusion Criteria
- The article was not written in English;
- It was a judgement article;
- The reported study was not on animals;
- The article or study was not related to melanoma;
- The article was not related to cannabinoids.
2.3. Search Strategy for Identification of Studies
2.4. Data Extraction and Synthesis
2.5. Quality Assessment
2.6. Assessment of the Risk of Bias in the Included Studies
3. Results
Cannabinoids and Melanoma Cancer
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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First Author (Year) | Study Population (Animals) | Tumor Induction (Cell Line) | Study Intervention | Dose of Cannabinoid | Duration | Anticancer Outcomes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Strain | Age | Number | Intervention | Control | |||||
Hamtiaux 2012 | C57BL/6mice | 5–weeks | n = 6 | B16 melanoma cells | PEA+URB597 (s.c) | Vehicle | 10 mg/Kg | 6 days | Co-administration of PEA and URB597 resulted in a significant reduction of tumor growth & size |
Glodde 2015 | C57BL/6mice Wild-type and CB1/CB2-deficient mice | 8–10 weeks | n = 10 | B16 melanoma cells HCmel12 | THC (s.c) | Vehicle | 5 mg/Kg per day | 25 days | Inhibits HCmel12 melanoma growth but does not affect B16 and CB1/CB2 deficient HCmel12 |
Armstrong et al. 2015 | Athymic nude mice | 5 weeks | 20 mice (n = 5 per group) | Xenograft CHL-1 cells | THC (oral) THC-BDS + CBD-BDS (oral) Temozolomide | Vehicle | 15 mg/Kg (daily) 7.5 mg/Kg + 7.5 mg/Kg (daily) 5 mg/Kg (daily) | 20 days | Reduction in tumor size THC-BDS + CBD-BDS ≥ THC > TEMO |
Blazquez 2006 | C57BL/6mice Nude mice | n = 8 (per group) n = 6 for each experimental group | B16 melanoma cells | WIN55-212-2(s.c) or JWH-133 (s.c) WIN55-212-2 (s.c) | Vehicle | 50 mg/day 50 mg/day 50 mg/per3days | 8 days 21 days | WIN55-212-2 = JWH-133 in preventing tumor growth Decreased tumor growth and metastasis | |
Kenessey 2012 | SCID mice | n = 8 | HT168-M1 | ACEA (i.p) | Solvent control | 0.24 mg/Kg 1/2 mg/Kg | 21 days | CB1 agonistic AECA into SCID mice inhibit liver colonization of human melanoma cells | |
Simmerman 2018 | C57BL/6mice | 8–12 weeks of age) | 18 (n = 6 per group) | Murine melanoma cell line, B16F10 | CBD (i.p) Cisplatin (i.p) | Vehicle | 5 mg/Kg twice per week 5mg/Kg once per week | Increased the quality of life and movement; significantly decreased growth curve and increased survival curve |
Study | Selection Bias | Performance Bias | Detection Bias | Attrition Bias | Other Bias | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Random Group Allocation | Baseline Group Characteristics | Allocation Conceal | Random Hosing | Blinding of Examiner | Random Outcome Selection | Blinding of Assessor | Any Randomization | Any Blinding | Size Calculation | Temp Control | ||
Armstrong 2015 | L | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | Y | N | N | N |
Blazquez 2006 | L | L | H | H | H | H | H | H | Y | N | N | N |
Hamtiaux 2012 | L | L | H | H | H | H | H | H | Y | N | N | N |
Glodde 2015 | H | L | H | H | H | H | H | H | N | N | N | N |
Kenessey 2012 | H | H | H | L | H | H | H | H | N | N | N | N |
Simmerman 2018 | H | H | H | L | H | H | H | H | N | N | N | N |
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Bachari, A.; Piva, T.J.; Salami, S.A.; Jamshidi, N.; Mantri, N. Roles of Cannabinoids in Melanoma: Evidence from In Vivo Studies. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 6040. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176040
Bachari A, Piva TJ, Salami SA, Jamshidi N, Mantri N. Roles of Cannabinoids in Melanoma: Evidence from In Vivo Studies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(17):6040. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176040
Chicago/Turabian StyleBachari, Ava, Terrence J. Piva, Seyed Alireza Salami, Negar Jamshidi, and Nitin Mantri. 2020. "Roles of Cannabinoids in Melanoma: Evidence from In Vivo Studies" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17: 6040. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176040