Curcumin: New Insights into an Ancient Ingredient against Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Effects of Curcumin on Tumor Cells, Metabolism, and Signaling Pathways
3. Clinical Data of Curcumin as a Therapeutical Anti-Cancer Compound
4. Role of Curcumin in Reducing Side Effects of Cytotoxic Drugs
5. Perspective
6. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pathway |
---|
Reduction of radical oxygen species (ROS) |
Inhibiton of the production of toxins via cytochrome P450 |
Inhibition of COX2 and NF-κB |
Reduction of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-1, IL-2) |
Induction of caspase pathway (i.e. caspase-3) |
Downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes (i.e., Bcl-2) |
Inhibition of growth promoters (i.e., EGFR) |
Decrease of MMP |
Anti-metastatic properties (i.e., inhibition of VEGF) |
Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTor pathway |
Inhibtion of HIFα pathway |
Downregulation of the HGF/MET pathway |
Downregulation of stemness markers (i.e., CD133, CD44) |
Inhibtion of the Hedghog signaling pathway |
NCT Number | Title | Cancer Type | Setting | Study Phase | Primary Objective |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NCT02944578 | Biomolecular Effects of Topical Curcumin in HSIL Cervical Neoplasia | Cervical pre-cancer lesions | Cancer prevention | 2 | Change in human papillomavirus (HPV)-related molecular target HPV E6/E7 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression within HSIL lesions of the cervix |
NCT02554344 | Effect of Curcumin in Treatment of Squamous Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasias (CINs) | Cervical pre-cancer lesions | Cancer prevention | 1 | Determine the safety and feasibility using curcumin in patients with CIN3 where toxicities will be graded according to the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.0. |
NCT00927485 | Use of Curcumin for Treatment of Intestinal Adenomas in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) | Intestinal adenoma | Cancer prevention | na | To determine in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study the tolerability and efficacy of curcumin to regress intestinal adenomas by measuring duodenal and colorectal/ileal polyp number, and polyp size in patients with FAP |
NCT03769766 | A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Curcumin to Prevent Progression of Biopsy Proven, Low-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Active Surveillance | Prostate cancer | Cancer treatment/(neo) adjuvant treatment | 3 | The primary endpoint is the number of patients who have progressed at 2 years of follow-up defined as one of the following events: receipt of primary therapy for prostate cancer (e.g., prostatectomy, radiation, hormonal therapy) or pathologic progression (>4 cores involved, ≥50% of any core involved, or any Gleason score ≥7) |
NCT01975363 | Nanoemulsion Curcumin for Obesity, Inflammation, and Breast Cancer Prevention—A Pilot Trial | Breast cancer | Cancer prevention | na | To determine whether nanoemulsion curcumnin modulates pro-inflammatory biomarkers in plasma and breast adipose tissue |
NCT02724202 | A Pilot, Feasibility Study of Curcumin in Combination with 5-FU for Patients With 5-FU-Resistant Metastatic Colon Cancer | Colorectal cancer | Metastatic treatment | 1 | Determine the safety using curcumin in patients with metastatic colon cancer; where toxicities will be graded according to the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.0 (time frame: 12 weeks) |
NCT02439385 | First-Line Avastin/FOLFIRI in Combination with Curcumin-Containing Supplement in Colorectal Cancer Patients with Unresectable Metastasis | Colorectal cancer | Metastatic treatment | 2 | Progression-free survival |
NCT03072992 | Study of Efficacy of Curcumin in Combination with Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial | Advanced cancer | Metastatic treatment | 2 | Objective response rate (time frame: 4 weeks after the completion of the treatment) |
NCT03211104 | Comparison of Duration of Treatment Interruption with or without Curcumin During the Off Treatment Periods in Patients with Prostate Cancer Undergoing Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Tria | Prostate cancer | Metastatic treatment | na | Duration of treatment interruption with or without curcumin (time frame: up to 42 months) |
NCT02064673 | Randomized Trial of Adjuvant Curcumin after Prostatectomy | Prostate cancer | Adjuvant treatment | 3 | Serum prostate-specific antigen (time frame: 3 years) Recurrence-free survival defined as a total serum prostate specific antigen of <0.2 ng/mL. |
NCT02321293 | A Phase I Open-Label Prospective Cohort Trial of Curcumin Plus Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-Mutant Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer | Non-small-cell lung cancer | Metastatic setting | 1 | Feasibility and safety |
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Willenbacher, E.; Khan, S.Z.; Mujica, S.C.A.; Trapani, D.; Hussain, S.; Wolf, D.; Willenbacher, W.; Spizzo, G.; Seeber, A. Curcumin: New Insights into an Ancient Ingredient against Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 1808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081808
Willenbacher E, Khan SZ, Mujica SCA, Trapani D, Hussain S, Wolf D, Willenbacher W, Spizzo G, Seeber A. Curcumin: New Insights into an Ancient Ingredient against Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(8):1808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081808
Chicago/Turabian StyleWillenbacher, Ella, Shah Zeb Khan, Sara Cecilia Altuna Mujica, Dario Trapani, Sadaqat Hussain, Dominik Wolf, Wolfgang Willenbacher, Gilbert Spizzo, and Andreas Seeber. 2019. "Curcumin: New Insights into an Ancient Ingredient against Cancer" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 8: 1808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081808
APA StyleWillenbacher, E., Khan, S. Z., Mujica, S. C. A., Trapani, D., Hussain, S., Wolf, D., Willenbacher, W., Spizzo, G., & Seeber, A. (2019). Curcumin: New Insights into an Ancient Ingredient against Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(8), 1808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081808